1.Benign psychological induction should be carried out for the patient’s condition before surgery, which plays an obvious role in stabilizing the patient’s mood before surgery, active cooperation as well as optimism, and can even reduce the application of painkillers and the occurrence of postoperative delirium after surgery.
2, pay attention to the prevention of respiratory tract infection, preoperative cure and strict control of upper respiratory tract infection, so as not to trigger pulmonary complications. Preoperatively, special attention should be paid to middle-aged and elderly people >60 years old with chronic asthma, coughing, and long-term smoking habits, even if they do not have any symptoms, they should implement prophylactic antibiotic treatment and nebulized inhalation bronchodilator as prescribed by the doctor, and perform pulmonary function tests if necessary. Smoking is often complicated by inflammation of the lungs.
3.Patients with coronary artery disease are mostly accompanied by other complications and need to routinely check blood glucose, liver and kidney function, etc.
4.The saphenous vein will be used as a bypass to avoid injury and inflammatory reaction. Upper limb vein is chosen for intravenous injection, and lower limb intravenous injection or drip is contraindicated.
5.Preoperative health instruction.
(1) Deep breathing training: the correct way to breathe after surgery is diaphragmatic-abdominal breathing. Instruct the patient to inhale slowly through the nose to inflate the abdomen, and then exhale slowly from the mouth.
(2) Cough training.
a. The patient takes a sitting or semi-recumbent position, leans forward slightly with the upper body, crosses the fingers of both hands and presses them on the chest wall wound site, and holds the wound with the hand when coughing.
b. Make the patient take a deep breath, open the mouth and exhale. Then, take three short breaths in a row and cough dryly.
c. Keep the mouth slightly open and cough forcefully once or twice after a quick deep breath.
(3) Leg exercises Lower limb muscle exercises include: muscle compression exercises Contract the muscles of the calves (gastrocnemius) and thighs for a few seconds and then relax, and so on for at least 10 times.
(4) Turning and getting up Moving and turning in bed can prevent pulmonary complications and bed sores and stimulate bowel movements to reduce flatulence pain.
(5) Exercise to defecate in bed and urinate After practice to eliminate psychological stress and remove patient’s concerns.
(6) Dietary guidance: It is advisable to adopt the method of regular, quantitative and small meals. It is better to eat 4 to 5 meals a day, each meal eat eight full, if each meal is too full, so that the stomach cavity is too large, often in a state of tension, it will affect the diaphragm activity. Do not overeat, otherwise it is easy to induce the occurrence of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. Before surgery, attention should be paid to increasing nutrition and eating more protein- and vitamin-rich foods to facilitate postoperative recovery.
Foods that are suitable for selection are:
(1) Carbohydrates (such as japonica rice, millet, corn), beans and soybean products that contain more fiber.
(2) Fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C and vitamin P (such as cabbage, rape, tomatoes, dates, oranges, lemons).
(3) foods containing more vitamin E (such as yogurt, egg whites, fish) and high-protein, low-fat foods (lean pork, beef), etc.
Foods that should be eaten less or not eaten are:
(1) foods with high fat content: such as fatty meat.
(2) foods containing high cholesterol: such as animal offal, pig skin, crab, full-fat milk, bacon and aquatic products such as snails and squid.
(3) Foods with high sugar content and high calorie content: such as ice cream, chocolate, cream, cane sugar, bee dense, etc.
(4) Stimulating foods: such as chili, pepper, mustard, white wine, strong tea, etc. Finally, the intake of salt should also be appropriately limited, and should be less than 5g per day.