A. Do soothers affect the development of teeth and mouth shape? This is a frequently asked question. Sucking is an innate reflex that occurs at birth, but hand-feeding and sucking on a soother are self-soothing behaviors that are difficult to prevent and break. For this reason, infants who frequently eat their hands should be encouraged to suck on a soother. The external discs of the soother can effectively antagonize the abnormalities of teeth and mouth shape that frequent sucking may cause. Pillow baldness is caused by physical friction and is related to calcium deficiency. Third, the supplemental food to add notes: 1, plus the starting time for 4-6 months after birth, the starting time and feeding methods have no obvious correlation with the child’s growth process, the development of the nervous system. 2.If the child’s weight growth has slowed down recently, and at the same time, he/she is interested in adult eating, then he/she can consider adding complementary foods. The first 4-6 months after birth is the time to try complementary foods. Parents should not add too quickly to avoid gastrointestinal discomfort or allergy problems. Fourth, the mother should demonstrate the chewing action to the child, so that they will learn to chew. Fifth, in order to enable infants and young children to develop a smooth eating habits, parents are advised to pay attention to a few points: 1, will be adjusted to the complementary food time during or after the adult meal. Adults eat meals on the child has a behavioral guidance role; 2, feeding complementary foods, adults mouth chewing food at the same time, even if it is only chewing gum. Chewing action also induces the child to eat smoothly; 3, each feeding is controlled within 30 minutes, not eaten to the end, to avoid producing aversion. Sixth, the recommended citation time of fresh milk – in developed countries: more than 12 months. In China: because of the quality of fresh milk, it is recommended to drink fresh milk after 2 weeks of age. Seventh, the dry stools, defecation effort is called constipation. Constipation is related to the functional status of the intestinal condition. Bacteria in the intestines, mainly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, can degrade the cellulose in food, produce short-chain fatty acids, and at the same time produce a lot of water, which leads to soft stools. The amount of water contained in stools has little to do with the amount of water you drink. Ensure normal intestinal flora and adequate fiber intake is the key to preventing constipation. Eight, the child’s diet is not well, the intake of breast milk or formula milk is not enough, need to add calcium in moderation. Parents often ask about water feeding for infants. How much water should be given to infants every day? What kind of water to drink? When to drink water? And so on. Breastmilk and powdered formula that infants receive are liquid foods, 80-85% of which is water. Generally, exclusive breastfeeding does not require additional water. As long as the infant urine is colorless or yellowish, it means that the body is full of water and does not need additional hydration. Ten, for infants and young children under the age of 3 years language education is difficult to obtain the desired results, while the behavior to lead to but easy to work. When a child makes a wrong move adults think, do not quickly stop in the lecture, the child’s attention should be drawn to other things. Otherwise the behavior will be reinforced. To do “strengthen the child’s strengths and weaknesses”. Complementary foods refer to any solid and liquid foods other than breast milk and formula. The time to add complementary foods should be 4-6 months. Too early to add, not conducive to gastrointestinal development. The first complementary food is preferably infant nutritional rice powder. Vegetable water, especially boiled vegetable water, no nutrition; fruit juice is not beyond the nutritional value of puree; on the contrary, vegetable water, fruit juice will interfere with the infant’s interest in drinking white water, the future of oral care, protection of teeth is not favorable. Twelve, nutrition is very important for infants and young children, breast milk formula powder; infant supplements (such as infant nutrition rice powder) are rich in nutrients. But if the amount of milk is insufficient, you need to supplement the amount of additional nutrients, calcium, vitamin D, DHA, etc.. Especially preterm babies should pay attention to! 6 months after the milk volume is reduced, the increase in complementary food to pay special attention to nutritional balance. Thirteen, 8-month-old baby’s parents recounted that after eating infant nutritional rice powder, store-bought bread and buns will appear face redness and swelling, while eating home-made rice porridge, buns will not be allergic to, why is this? According to the account, the child cannot be allergic to rice and wheat, but should be allergic to food additives. May not give the baby to use organic food. Fourteen, to the baby washing clothes can not use detergent containing disinfectant, can damage the baby’s skin and digestive tract, is not conducive to the healthy growth of infants. How dirty are baby clothes?! After clearing with warm water and soap, and then soak in boiling water for a while, airing/sun drying should be the most delicate washing process. In fact, take care to rinse with water and air dry again. Do not think that the cleaner the better, a physiological environment is best for the health of the baby. Disinfectants should be rejected for home use. XV. Sugar (sucrose) and salt (sodium chloride) should not be given to infants within one year of age on their own initiative, let alone giving them glucose water. Infants eat mainly liquid food, which contains a lot of water. As long as the urine is not yellow, there is no need to add extra water. If you need to add water, you should drink plain water. Breast milk, powdered formula, rice flour and other foods contain chlorine and sodium, which are sufficient for the physiological needs of infants. It just isn’t sodium chloride and isn’t salty. Glucose water will interfere with the body’s metabolism. XVI. When should I start brushing my child’s teeth? When the child grows the first teeth, you should brush the child’s teeth. XVII. Glucose, unlike sucrose and lactose, is a monosaccharide that is not broken down in the intestines and is directly absorbed into the bloodstream to participate in blood glucose concentration. Blood glucose refers to the blood glucose level. Oral glucose water directly affects blood glucose concentration, too much pressure on the pancreas. Glucose is a medicine and should not be treated as “table sugar”. Do not give glucose water to your child unless there is hypoglycemia. Drinking glucose water for newborns to reduce yellow also has no theoretical basis. Do not actively add salt or sugar to complementary foods for infants under 1 year of age. Although, breast milk or infant formula, rice powder is not salty, but does not mean that there is no sodium and chloride ions, just not table salt (sodium chloride). Adding salt to children too early results in excessive sodium intake, which increases the risk of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in the future. Early addition of sugar increases the risk of dental caries. Nineteen, breastfeeding period as long as to ensure that the mother eating normal, need to supplement vitamin D, 400IU / day; 4-6 months after the addition of iron-rich complementary foods, such as liver, animal blood, beef, lean meat and other iron-rich, and hemoglobin iron content is high, is the best source of dietary iron. Fish and eggs contain less total iron and less heme iron than meat. Fresh green leafy vegetables contain high iron content, and rich in vitamin C to promote iron absorption. Twenty, yogurt when to give children to drink – because yogurt is made of milk, so drink after 1 year old is more suitable.