OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
Acquired obesity is a condition in which a person with normal or lean body weight gradually gains weight to reach the obesity standard with increased diet, decreased exercise, endocrine disorders and other factors.
Whether medical insurance
Yes
Department
Endocrinology, Internal Medicine
Alias
Adult-onset obesity
Clinical Symptoms
Weight gain, roundness, etc.
Harmful effects
It not only leads to physical changes, but also affects the cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, reproductive and other systems, and even affects socialization, causing greater psychological pressure.
Complications
Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, lipid metabolism disorder, hypertension, pulmonary dysfunction, hyperventilation, sleep apnea, endocrine dysfunction, etc.
Examination
Physical examination, anthropometric examination, ultrasound, infrared sensing method, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made on the basis of medical history, body shape and body mass index.
Treatment principle
Diet control, exercise, and treatment for endocrine disorders.
Curability
Weight can be effectively controlled with active treatment and improvement of lifestyle habits.
Dietary advice
Diet should be light and low in salt, fat and calories.
Causes
Etiology
Related to genetic factors, endocrine factors, adipocytokines and environmental factors.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
The appearance of the body appears short, fat and round, the face is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, with double chins, a thick and short neck, and the skin folds in the occipital area are obviously thickened when the head is tilted backward. The chest is round, the rib space is not obvious, and the breasts are enlarged due to thick subcutaneous fat. When standing, the abdomen is projected forward and higher than the chest plane, and the umbilicus is deeply concave. In short-term obesity, fine purple or white lines are seen on both sides of the lower abdomen, both thighs and the upper inner part of the upper arms and the outer part of the buttocks. Fingers and toes are thick and short, and the back of the hands are thickened with fat so that the skin at the prominent metacarpophalangeal joints is concave and the bony prominences are not obvious.
Other symptoms
In severe obesity, there is fear of heat, reduced mobility, even mild shortness of breath during activities, snoring during sleep and other symptoms.
Diagnostic basis
The patient used to have a normal or low body weight, clinically characterized by a rounded body shape and a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m2.
Treatment
Treatment
Weight control is achieved through lifestyle modification such as diet control and exercise, combined with medication if necessary.
Medication
For patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥30kg/m2 and waist circumference >102cm for men and >88cm for women, or BMI ≥25kg/m2 and waist circumference >90cm for men and >80cm for women, or combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus), medication can be applied if the effect is not sufficiently evident after diet control and exercise therapy. Currently, the main drugs include appetite suppressants, central stimulants, metformin, lipase inhibitors, Chinese herbs and so on.
Other treatments
1. Behavioral therapy: through publicity and education, patients and their families should have a correct understanding of obesity and its harmfulness, and consciously adhere to the treatment for a long time, which is the first and the most important measure for the treatment of obesity. 2. Dietary control and increase physical activity: for mildly obese people, control the total amount of food intake, adopt a low-calorie and low-fat diet, avoid the intake of high-sugar and high-fat food, and keep the total calories lower than the amount of consumption per day. Do more physical labor and physical exercise.
Prognosis
Consciously adhere to the treatment for a long time, the prognosis is generally good.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Live a regular life, ensure enough sleep, avoid staying up late, overeating and other bad habits. 2. Insist on exercising for one hour every day to reach the level of feeling fatigue, recommend brisk walking, jogging, and for those who have problems with the knee joints, they can do some exercises in bed, such as empty pedaling bicycles, and lying down to lift the legs. Reduce sedentary time such as watching TV and playing video games.
Diet
Develop good living habits and eating habits, such as chewing and eating slowly, eating light, avoiding high-calorie foods; not eating fried, high-sugar foods, not overeating, avoiding overfilling dinner, avoiding eating before going to bed, and so on.