The treatment of lumbar disc herniation is mainly divided into three categories: 1. Conservative treatment: including bed rest, traction, massage, various kinds of physical therapy such as baking electricity, medication and so on, and it is best for several methods to be applied jointly. It is mainly applicable to patients who have the disease for the first time, whose condition is relatively mild and whose intervertebral discs are mainly bulging. 2, minimally invasive treatment: mainly includes two categories: one is percutaneous puncture intravertebral disc decompression, mainly including radio frequency, ozone, disc cutting suction, etc. This type of treatment is mainly applicable to young people with bulging discs and mild herniation, and it is not suitable for patients over 55 years old as well as patients with predominantly stenosis symptoms. The other type is the discoscopy system, in which a working channel is placed near the herniated disc through a tiny incision, and then an endoscopic system and lighting system are placed into the channel, and surgery is performed through the working channel under the supervision of a monitor to remove the herniated nucleus pulposus tissue. It is mainly suitable for patients with herniated nucleus pulposus and prolapsed nucleus pulposus, and is less suitable for those with combined spinal stenosis. The main advantage is that it does not damage the muscle attachment points, minimizing the damage caused by surgery. Surgical treatment: (1) Small-opening nucleus pulposus removal: mainly suitable for patients with lateral spinal stenosis that cannot be solved by minimally invasive treatment. (2) Nerve decompression, fixation and fusion: mainly for patients with instability of lumbar vertebrae before surgery and patients with instability of lumbar vertebrae after nerve decompression, this surgical method is to remove the disc in the segment with herniated disc, and then fix the herniated disc with the pedicle screw system to fix the upper and lower vertebral bodies, and then implant bone fusion in the area where the disc was removed. The advantage of this method is that there will be no recurrence of the operated segment. The disadvantage of this method is that it is a kind of ultimate therapy, and there will be no movement between the two fixed and fused vertebrae (however, if only one segment is fixed and fused, the limitation of lumbar spine movement is generally not felt), and the stress on the adjacent discs will increase when they move, which theoretically may accelerate the degeneration of the adjacent segments. However, this is a method that has been used for many years, and some say that immobilization and fusion is the gold standard in the treatment of this type of disease. Alternatively, fixed fusion can be addressed by minimally invasive methods. (3) Nucleus pulposus removal and elastic fixation (non-fusion fixation): This surgical procedure is based on nucleus pulposus removal and fixation of one vertebra above and one vertebra below the herniated disc, but this fixation is not performed at the same time as intervertebral implant fusion, so that the fixed vertebrae are movable. The advantage is that while retaining a certain degree of mobility in this segment, it increases the stability of this segment after nucleus pulposus removal, reduces the chance of recurrence, and slows down the time for fixation and fusion of this segment. The disadvantage is that as long as there is no fusion, there is a possibility of recurrent problems, including recurrence and fatigue of the internal fixation. This method is mainly suitable for huge disc herniation. (4) Fixed fusion, elastic fixation hybrid surgery: this surgical method is to implement fixed fusion surgery in the responsible disc segment with more serious lesions, and elastic fixation in the upper or lower segment —- i.e., a surgical method to implement elastic fixation in the segment with less serious nerve compression but more obvious degeneration, which effectively prevents accelerated degeneration of the neighboring discs with more serious degeneration, and effectively prevents the possibility of reoperation of the neighboring segments in the near future. This effectively prevents the possibility of reopening the neighboring segments in the near future. Generally speaking, the treatment of lumbar disc herniation at home and abroad adopts step therapy, that is, different methods are adopted according to the different stages of pathological changes, and the specific treatment plan is decided according to the main clinical manifestations of the patient, local examination of lumbar vertebrae, as well as neurological examination, and various imaging manifestations, and it is necessary to explain that each treatment method has its advantages and disadvantages, and it is not possible to say that which one is good, because good or bad is not absolute. Because good and bad is not absolute, is relative to the patient’s specific condition. One method may be the best for Zhang San, but it may not be suitable for Li Si. In a sense, people and machines and automobiles have something in common: on the one hand a repaired machine or automobile cannot be the same as a new machine or automobile, nor can it be the same as an unrepaired machine or automobile. On the other hand, machines and cars cannot be repaired once before they are scrapped; the same is true for people, and the same is true for intervertebral disc disease, which is a kind of disease that gradually degenerates with age, and it is impossible for any treatment to turn the discs that have already degenerated and protruded into normal discs. The current means can only be the herniated disc that presses on the nerve so that it no longer presses on the nerve or the pressure is lighter and no longer painful, so the treatment of herniated discs should also follow the order from simple to complex to pick the right method for themselves. The principles we follow are: simple but not complicated, conservative but not surgical, and minimally invasive but not incision.