1.What is minimally invasive gynecological technology? As we all know, gynecological surgery is done by the characteristic means of “open incision”. Although the surgeon can remove the lesion, the surgery itself is a double-edged sword, which has some negative effects on the body while removing the lesion, and inevitably brings some artificial damage and trauma. Minimally invasive technology is a technology that minimizes tissue trauma, shortens treatment time, speeds up post-operative recovery, saves treatment costs, and has treatment effects equal to or better than open surgery. At present, minimally invasive gynecological techniques are accomplished through lumpectomy, Yin’s surgery, focused ultrasound and interventional treatment. The most intuitive performance after treatment is that the patient’s abdominal surgery scar is gone, and many patients can get out of bed on the same day after surgery. 2. Are laparoscopy, hysteroscopy and colposcopy all endoscopic? An endoscope is a speculum inserted through the natural orifices of the body, such as the vagina, uterus, mouth, nose, and digestive tract. For example, colposcope, hysteroscope, gastroscope, fiberoptic colonoscope, etc. The technique of using these scopes for diagnosis and treatment is called endoscopic technique. Specula inserted through artificial channels (skin, or mucous membrane and tissue incision), such as abdominal wall incision, chest wall incision, etc. are called lumpectomy, such as laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, etc. The technique of diagnosis and treatment with these specula is called lumpectomy technique. 3.Can hysteroscopic and laparoscopic surgery completely replace the traditional open surgery? With the development of hysteroscopic and laparoscopic surgery and the continuous improvement of surgical instruments, top hysteroscopic and laparoscopic surgeons can almost completely replace all open surgery with skillful laparoscopic surgery. 4. Do all fibroids need to be operated? When is the best time to have surgery? Uterine fibroids are common among women in their reproductive years and are formed by focal hyperplasia of the smooth muscle of the uterus, which gradually shrinks after menopause. The lesions cannot be removed with medication. Sometimes fibroids can cause excessive menstruation, infertility, abdominal pain or pressure symptoms, and pregnant fibroids can rapidly increase in size and cause miscarriage, abdominal pain, and postpartum bleeding, so patients with these symptoms or fibroids over 4 to 5 cm in diameter need surgery. Women who have not had children or young women who have had children with fibroids over 4 cm and those who have fibroids over 5 cm after the age of 40 need surgery. 5.What is the advantage of lumpectomy? The operation can be completed with 3 to 4 small puncture holes of 0.5 to 1 cm in the abdomen, less bleeding during the operation due to the use of advanced surgical instruments, no abdominal wound suturing is needed to save the operation time, so that the postoperative pain is reduced, recovery is fast, hospital stay is short, and the cost is only more than 1000 yuan. With the development of lumpectomy instruments and the promotion of lumpectomy technology, the application of lumpectomy in gynecology has become more and more mature, but lumpectomy requires high requirements for instruments and higher requirements for doctors’ skills, and doctors have to avoid invisible injuries, so only lumpectomy centers with strong strength can achieve the highest safety factor. 6.Why should laparoscopic examination be done for infertility patients? Anyone who has not conceived after marriage without contraception and has a normal sexual life is said to be infertile. There are many causes of infertility, and laparoscopy should be performed for infertility caused by female factors such as ovulation disorders, tubal lesions and other unexplained infertility. Laparoscopy can directly observe the lesions of uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes and pelvic peritoneum, and at the same time, treatment of lesions can be carried out. 7.What is water injection laparoscopy? Laparoscopic operation requires space, under the conventional we use carbon dioxide to fill the abdominal cavity to form a pneumoperitoneum, also can suspend the abdominal wall to form the abdominal cavity, both operations need to be monitored under anesthesia in the operating room, now has been invented to inject water to expand the pelvic cavity, laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopic operation to check the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes and pelvic cavity, and this operation can be performed in the outpatient clinic. 8. Is Yin surgery also a minimally invasive procedure? Which is better, it or laparoscopic surgery? Yin surgery refers to surgery using the vagina, a natural cavity, and is a surgical procedure that requires neither opening nor perforation. It fully reflects the concept of minimally invasive and is a humane and specialized gynecological surgery technique. 9.Is it okay to remove the uterus for uterine prolapse? Women who have entered the middle and old age, especially those who have given birth to many children and huge children, are prone to uterine prolapse and vaginal wall bulge due to pelvic ligament relaxation. With the advancement of technology, we are now rebuilding the pelvic floor tissue structure by using safe synthetic materials to replace the diseased tissues and suspend and repair the overly lax tissues. This surgery does not require opening the abdomen, small incision, less bleeding, quick recovery and less recurrence. 10.Why does uterine adhesion occur after early abortion? Any termination of pregnancy within 3 months of pregnancy by manual or medication is called early pregnancy termination. Early abortion is divided into two methods: surgical abortion and medication abortion. Surgical abortion is divided into negative pressure aspiration and curettage. Negative pressure aspiration is suitable for termination of pregnancy within 10 weeks of gestation. During the operation, the suction head will be inserted into the uterine cavity to attract the uterine cavity with negative pressure for 1 to 2 weeks, and the pregnancy will be attracted clean. Clamp scraping is suitable for termination of pregnancy at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation. During the operation, the pregnancy is removed from the uterine cavity by means of forceps and negative pressure suction. Due to the damage of the surgical instruments to the endometrial tissue, multiple abortions or frequent abortions may aggravate this damage, and the formation of postoperative infection, adhesions may occur in the front and back walls of the uterus, resulting in reduced menstruation or amenorrhea after the operation, which may affect future conception. So the majority of women should do a good job of contraception, to avoid unnecessary abortions. 11.How to prevent the occurrence of infertility after abortion? Due to the influence of vaginal bleeding after abortion and the failure to prevent infection after abortion, vaginal bacteria can easily spread upward, causing infection of the uterus and adnexa and pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to endometritis, tubal inflammation, tubal incompetence, pelvic adhesion and other sequelae and affect future conception if the inflammation is not controlled in time. To try to prevent such effects after abortion, we should do the surgery to the regular hospital, pay attention to rest for half a month to one month after the operation, prevent infection after the operation, prohibit intercourse for one month, especially pay attention to contraception again abortion. 12, unmarried women how to contraception? Contraceptive methods include hormonal contraception, intrauterine device, external contraceptives, natural contraceptive method. Married women with children take more intrauterine device contraception, unmarried women can take external contraceptives or hormonal contraception, more short-acting contraceptive pills such as MaFuLong, Dain 35, etc., try to avoid the oral emergency contraceptive pill. 13.What is induced abortion? Why does induced abortion occur? Induced abortion is also called premature abortion. It refers to the death of the embryo or fetus in the uterus, and then it is not expelled in time. The typical presentation is a normal early pregnancy process with symptoms of preterm abortion or no symptoms at all; as menopause lengthens, the uterus no longer increases in size or instead shrinks, the uterus is smaller than the time of menopause, the early pregnancy response disappears, the cervical opening is not opened and the texture is not soft. There are many reasons for the occurrence of indolent abortion, embryonic chromosomal abnormality is the main reason, followed by maternal systemic diseases such as fever, infection, malnutrition, endocrine abnormalities, immune function abnormalities, genital abnormalities, bad habits and environmental factors may cause indolent abortion. 14.Can ovarian cysts be cured by medicine? Ovarian tissues are very complex, and there are many types of ovarian tumors, including benign, junctional and malignant. Benign ovarian tumors are common, especially unilateral ovarian cysts less than 5 cm in diameter, follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts are common, which can be temporarily observed or take oral contraceptives and disappear on their own within 2-3 months. Once ovarian tumor is found, surgery should be performed. 16.What is cervical erosion? A fine-grained red area in the appearance of the vaginal part of the cervix at the ectocervix is called cervical erosion. Currently, obstetrics and gynecology textbooks in Western countries have abandoned the term cervical erosion and instead call it cervical columnar epithelial ectopia (coumnar ectopy) and consider it as one of the physiological changes of the cervix. 17. What is cervical nuchal translucency? During the healing process of cervical erosion, the new squamous epithelium covers the mouth of the cervical glandular duct or extends into the glandular duct and blocks the mouth of the glandular duct; the proliferation of connective tissue around the glandular duct or the formation of scar tissue compresses the glandular duct, narrowing or even blocking it, and the drainage of glandular secretions is obstructed and retained to form cysts. 18.What is cervical hypertrophy? Due to the long-term stimulation of chronic inflammation, the cervical tissue is congested, edematous, glandular or interstitial hyperplasia, and there may also be mucus retention in the deep part of the gland to form cysts, making the cervix hypertrophy in different degrees and increasing hardness, but the surface is mostly smooth, and sometimes cervical glandular cyst protrusion can be seen. 19.What is tau cavity effusion? The tau cavity refers to the cavity formed by the rectal uterine sink, which is located at the lowest point of the pelvic and abdominal cavity when the body is lying down.