Hyperprolactinemia, also known as hyperprolactinemia, is a hypothalamic-pituitary axis reproductive endocrine disorder syndrome caused by a variety of causes, mainly elevated serum prolactin and its related clinical manifestations, and is a generic term for a class of disorders that can involve the reproductive, endocrine and nervous systems. Currently, a serum prolactin level higher than 1.14 nmol/L (25 μg/L) is the standard, and the reference range of normal values varies slightly from unit to unit due to different testing methods. The goals of HPRL treatment are to control HPRL, restore normal menstrual and ovulatory function in women or restore sexual function in men, reduce lactation and improve other symptoms (e.g., headaches and visual dysfunction). After HPRL is determined, the first step is to decide whether treatment is needed. Pituitary prolactin macroadenomas and microadenomas with manifestations such as amenorrhea, lactation, infertility, headache, and osteoporosis require treatment; those with only increased blood prolactin levels without the above manifestations can be followed up and observed. The next step is to decide the treatment plan and which treatment method to choose. In pituitary prolactin adenomas, whether they are microadenomas or macroadenomas, dopamine agonist therapy can be preferred; due to the development of minimally invasive techniques, the efficacy of surgical treatment of pituitary prolactin adenomas, especially pituitary prolactin microadenomas, has been significantly improved and can be the first treatment option for some patients. Surgery should be chosen for patients with poor drug efficacy, intolerance of adverse drug reactions and refusal of drug therapy.