1. What is lumbar disc herniation? Lumbar disc herniation is one of the more common orthopedic disorders, mainly because of the lumbar intervertebral discs (including the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and cartilage plate) there are varying degrees of degeneration, in the role of external factors, the intervertebral discs of the annulus fibrosus rupture, the nucleus pulposus protrudes from the rupture place (or out) in the posterior or vertebral canal, leading to adjacent nerves suffered from irritation or compression, resulting in pain in the lumbar region, a side of the lower limbs or both lower limbs numbness, pain, and a series of clinical symptoms? The lumbar disc herniation is characterized by a series of clinical symptoms, such as lumbar pain, numbness, and pain. Lumbar disc herniation with lumbar 4-5, lumbar 5-sacral 1 intervertebral disc incidence is the highest, accounting for about 90% ~ 96%. 2, lumbar disc herniation is lumbar disc herniation? Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation is only a pathological phenomenon. When the annulus fibrosus ruptures, the nucleus pulposus protrudes, and the image shows the lumbar intervertebral disc protruding or prolapsing, but there is no clinical symptom such as lumbar and leg pain, we call it “intervertebral disc protrusion”, which can be without the clinical symptom of lumbar pain etc.; when the protruding disc compresses to the nerve root, and there is the lumbar pain or the pain in the lower limbs etc., it can only be called “lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion”. 3. The common clinical symptoms of lumbar herniation include (1) lumbar pain, which is aggravated by activities and often relieved by bed rest; (2) radiating pain in the lower limbs, which is generally conducted from the lower back to the buttocks, the back of the thighs, and the outside of the calves to the feet, and which is aggravated by sneezing or coughing, and is usually associated with one side of the lower limbs. Generally involves one side of the lower limbs, only a very few prominent people show symptoms in both lower limbs? (3) Cauda equina compression, mainly manifested as dysuria, perineum and perianal sensory abnormalities. In severe cases, symptoms such as loss of control of urination and defecation and incomplete paralysis of both lower limbs may occur, which are rare clinically; (4) intermittent claudication, due to the lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion compression of the nerve root, resulting in inflammatory reactions such as congestion, edema and ischemia of the nerve root; when walking, the obstructed vertebral venous plexus in the spinal canal is congested with blood, which aggravates the congestion degree of the nerve root and the dilation of the spinal blood vessels, and at the same time aggravates the compression on the nerve root and causes pain. (5) Changes in spinal posture. More than 90% of patients with intervertebral disc herniation have different degrees of functional scoliosis, with most of them bulging toward the affected side and a few toward the healthy side, depending on the position of the herniated material in relation to the nerve root. Can imaging tests rule out lumbar disc herniation? The diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation is based on a combination of clinical symptoms (low back pain and radiating pain in the lower limbs), physical examination (signs corresponding to nerve damage, sensory-motor disorders, urinary and defecation abnormalities), and imaging tests (showing the location, direction, and degree of lumbar disc herniation), and a normal imaging test does not rule out lumbar disc herniation completely. While imaging tests have a certain false-positive rate, MRI has a very low false-positive rate (less than 10%) for the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation. What can I do to prevent lumbar disc herniation in my daily life? (1) sleep hard and soft moderate hardboard bed (2) to pay attention to the protection of the waist when lifting heavy objects, in moving, lifting, carrying heavy objects, remember to measure the strength, not forced to force, not in the case of weight-bearing to do the twisting action; (3) lifting and carrying heavy objects can not bend down, but should first squat, and then get up, to keep the lumbar region straight to avoid participating in the need to twist the waist of the labor; (4) long hours of ambulatory work to keep a good sitting posture, in particular, should not be a long time to sit on the sofa, work for 10-20 minutes after an hour should take a break. After an hour should rest 10-20 minutes, or change posture, move the body; (5) supine position to get up, it is best to take the side position, and then in the support of the upper limbs, so that the trunk off the bed. (6) Pay attention to keep the lumbar area warm. What are the treatments for lumbar disc herniation? At present, the treatment of lumbar disc herniation mainly includes conservative and surgical treatments: among them, conservative treatment includes absolute bed rest, continuous traction, physiotherapy, massage, acupressure, oral anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving medication, and injection treatment of the lesion. Tui na with lumbar traction, shock wave, hydroentanglement, Chinese medicine internal and external washing, external application of anti-determination cream, drug dehydration and swelling, anti-inflammatory drugs and pain relief treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, the therapeutic effect is satisfactory, and get the unanimous high praise from the patients. For the strict non-surgical treatment is ineffective, or the cauda equina compression can choose surgical treatment. How to exercise for lumbar disc herniation? (1) Lie down, hook your toes back, straighten your leg and lift it upward to the highest and hold on for 5 seconds, then slowly put it down, cycle 10 times, exchange the right and left legs. (2) arch bridge exercise: lying in bed, both elbows and feet to support the bed, the hips force upward to the highest 5-10 seconds, cycle 10 times. (3) Swallow fly: lie down on the bed, arms stretched backward, legs upward to the highest, adhere to 5-10 seconds, cycle 10 times. Lumbar disc herniation patients must pay attention to gradual and persistent exercise. 3, lumbar pain is lumbar disc herniation? No. The causes of lumbar pain are many and varied. The causes of low back pain are many and varied, according to statistics, the adult population, only 35% of the population of low back pain is a lumbar disc herniation patients, and most of the low back pain is caused by other factors, common lumbar muscle strain and supraspinous and interspinous ligament injuries, lumbar spine tuberculosis and tumors? Therefore, having low back pain is not necessarily “lumbar disc herniation” 4, lumbar disc herniation, why does my leg hurt? Many people do not understand why lumbar spine diseases cause leg pain, actually because the herniated disc compresses the nerves, these nerves innervate the sensation and movement of the lower limbs, so it will cause pain in the lower limbs, and this pain is characterized by radiating pain, which can be radiated along the buttocks to the back of the thighs, the outer side of the calves or the posterior side of the outer side of the thighs, and part of the patients can be radiated to the ankles, dorsum of the feet or soles of the feet, and it can be accompanied by limb numbness, fear of cold, weakness, and other symptoms, The pain may be accompanied by numbness, coldness and weakness of the limbs. The pain can be aggravated when coughing, sneezing or straining to defecate, and can be alleviated or relieved when lying down and resting.