Keep the boundary of radiation field clear, and do not wash away the marking of irradiation field. In the process of radiotherapy for head and neck tumors, oral hygiene should be emphasized, salt water is often used to gargle, but irritating medicinal water is forbidden to gargle, and opening and closing of mouth should be done frequently, and temporomandibular joints should be moved to prevent sequelae. During or after radiotherapy for esophageal cancer, the elasticity of esophagus decreases, so it is easy to have esophageal obstruction or hemorrhage caused by food cutting the blood vessels of esophageal wall. Therefore, it should be forbidden to eat fried and stimulating food and avoid eating with a big mouth. During radiotherapy for female reproductive system tumor, there are many secretions, so 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution should be used to flush the vagina every day, and underwear should be changed diligently to keep clean and dry. If symptoms such as frequent urination and painful urination occur, they are the radiation reaction of urinary system, and relevant drugs can be taken orally according to doctor’s prescription. During the radiotherapy period, the skin in the radiation field should be kept clean and dry to reduce local irritation and prevent skin infection. If wet skin reaction occurs, radiotherapy should be suspended, and anti-inflammatory soothing oil or ointment can be used externally. Avoid the use of alcohol, iodine, red mercury, adhesive tape, plasters, etc., irradiation area prohibited soap and water cleaning. During radiotherapy, check the blood routine weekly according to the doctor’s instructions, in order to understand the bone marrow suppression. Frequent electrocardiograms, liver and kidney function tests are done to find out if there is any functional damage. After radiotherapy, as the effect of radiation is still continuing within 3 months, patients should still pay attention to rest, strengthen nutrition, prevent colds and other infections, etc. Late reaction: The irradiated parts of the body will have some irreversible chronic reactions called late reaction after several years of radiation therapy, such as radiation proctitis, cystitis, nephritis, pneumonia, local fibrosis, cataracts, osteomyelitis, cranial nerve injury, brain tumor, chronic myelitis, etc., which will seriously affect the function of the body, and even haemorrhage, and ventricular respiration, which will jeopardize the life of the patient. Since the late reaction due to radiotherapy is a serious and irreversible reaction, prevention should be the main focus, so in the process of radiotherapy, attention should be paid to curing the acute phase reaction, and do a good job of teaching protective measures. Nausea and vomiting is one of the common side effects during tumor radiotherapy. The way to prevent and control it is to have small amount and many meals, choose easily digestible food, and avoid too sweet, spicy and greasy food and food with improper odor. Antiemetic drugs may be used if symptoms are severe. Finger pressure or acupuncture on the Neiguan point and the Fengsanli point may also be helpful in relieving symptoms. Anorexia is one of the earliest symptoms of cancer and a side effect of the radiotherapy process, and the lack of appetite is aggravated by bad moods such as emotional tension, pain or euphoria. First of all, patients should eliminate bad psychology, have tenacity and determination to overcome the disease, especially do not be nervous before meals. In addition, meals should be as colorful and diverse as possible. Can follow the doctor’s instructions to take a small dose of hormones, digestive drugs and appetizers.