Type I respiratory failure is mainly due to respiratory failure caused by lung parenchymal and pulmonary vascular lesions resulting in gas exchange dysfunction. It is divided into acute respiratory failure and chronic respiratory failure. Acute is usually curable, chronic is not. Type 1 respiratory failure can be caused by severe infectious lung disease, interstitial lung disease, or acute pulmonary embolism, etc. Respiratory failure can usually be cured after treatment of acute exacerbation by keeping breathing open, correcting hypoxia and improving ventilation, treating the triggers and causes of respiratory failure, and providing supportive therapy to the patient. When acute respiratory failure develops into a chronic phase after treatment, it usually causes irreversible damage to the respiratory system. Clinically, the condition can only be maintained by treating the primary disease, keeping the airway open, and proper oxygen therapy, but cannot be cured. If early timely and standardized treatment, type I respiratory failure can be cured, but if the treatment is not timely, it can lead to the emergence of type II respiratory failure and even pulmonary encephalopathy and other serious complications, and even lead to death. Therefore, patients need to consult a doctor in time, complete the relevant examinations, clarify the cause of the disease, and actively cooperate with the treatment.