1.What is asthma? What are the manifestations? Asthma is a multifactorial disease, often characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It is a disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airway ventilation disorders. The inflammation mentioned here is not the inflammation of a bacterial infection, do not abuse antimicrobials, this inflammation is a kind of metabolic reaction. Allergic inflammation can be understood. Therefore, antimicrobials are ineffective. The main manifestations are: recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, cough and chest tightness (asthma is not necessarily wheezing, and wheezing is not necessarily asthma), accompanied by variable airflow limitation (no significant difference from normal when there is no attack). But as the disease progresses, this reversible change will become irreversible as the bronchial tubes change, and asthma treatment will become more difficult and the symptoms more pronounced as it becomes more difficult. 2.What are the causes of asthma? Asthma is a multifactorial disease and the causes are relatively intricate. According to the current medical and technological level, it mainly includes two aspects: genetic factors + environmental factors. Genetic factors include what we call “allergic constitution” (immune status), as well as mental and psychological status and endocrine status. If you have a family history of allergies, the possibility of being “allergic” is very high, for example, allergic rhinitis, eczema, etc. are manifestations. Environmental factors: including various allergens, house dust mites, smoke and fumes, car exhaust, occupational dust, climate, drugs, sports (sports asthma), pet fur, food (common animal protein, seafood, etc.), indoor harmful gases (paint, oil smoke, mosquitoes, soot, pesticides, etc.) and so on. Therefore, people with genetic factors may have a significantly higher chance of developing asthma in the same environment. People with the same genetic factors do not always have asthma attacks, but are related to different lifestyles, physical states, living environments, etc. Once asthma has been triggered, the first attack occurs. Then it is easy to be triggered repeatedly. The triggering factors are called causative factors, and those that trigger asthma attacks are called triggering factors: substances that cause allergies can be called triggering factors, as well as harmful gases, respiratory infections, air pollution, climate changes, pollen, exercise, stress, and drugs (such as aspirin and other antipyretic and analgesic drugs). 3, how does bronchial asthma arise? The pathogenesis of this process literary: is the result of comprehensive pathophysiological changes in the airways, including the inflammatory basis and airflow obstruction of both factors. Airway inflammation causes airway hyperresponsiveness and leads to spasm of the bronchi and obstruction of airflow through the release of many substances. Airflow obstruction is caused by contraction of small bronchial smooth muscles, edema of small bronchial mucosa, as well as infiltration of submucosal inflammatory cells, hypersecretion of mucosal glands, resulting in obstruction of secretions, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucosal connective tissue, glands and epithelial layer (airway remodeling). It is a rather complex process that remains to be studied in depth. Since there are literary statements, I will say cheesy and graphic: for example, a pet dog, usually you are very intimate with it, one day began to suddenly bad mood, you picked up a stick and beat it. The first time it was beaten very innocent, and do not know why. The next day when you beat it, it did not anticipate that you would still beat it. But the third time, the fourth …… It slowly developed a fear of you, an instinctive fear at the sight of you, and a deep fear at the sight of that stick. Repeated stimulation led to a series of reactions to you and the stick. You and the stick is the allergen, (the intermediate process, in the dog’s body has produced a number of conditioned reflexes, physiological changes, etc., not to engage in research, ignore), the dog appeared fear and fear is the symptoms of asthma. The first time you hit it, it is called the sensitization period, so that the dog is exposed to the taste of being beaten for the first time, resulting in a state of sensitization. The second time you hit it is the reaction period, the dog’s body already knows what it is like to be beaten, and the next day when you get beaten up has produced a lot of fear factors in your body and so on. The third and fourth time you see the stick and get beaten up, it is the excitation period, just like asthma patients produce coughing, wheezing, breathing difficulties, etc. 4.What types of asthma are there? There is no completely unified standard for the typological classification of bronchial asthma. Therefore, only the common typological classifications that I have been exposed to and learned about are presented here. The common ones are exercise-induced asthma (asthma attack caused by bronchospasm after reaching a certain amount of exercise), drug-induced asthma (asthma induced by intolerance to the use of a certain drug, common ones are beta-blockers in antihypertensive drugs such as metoprolol, and aspirin. Among them, asthma induced by intolerance to common antipyretic and analgesic drugs led by taking aspirin enteric tablets is collectively called aspirin asthma. Therefore, when asthma patients with fever use antipyretic drugs, they need to pay attention to try not to use this type of drugs), psychogenic asthma (highly nervous, hyperventilation, etc. are prone to induce asthma attacks), occupational asthma (caused by the presence of irritating harmful substances in the work environment, which can be relieved by leaving the work environment, or even end the attacks), and a rare type of asthma called menstrual asthma (before menstruation, during menstruation, or during menstruation). There is also a rare type of asthma called menstrual asthma (asthma attacks are triggered or aggravated during menstruation) and cough variant asthma (a special type of asthma in which the main or only manifestation of asthma is coughing).