Patients with emphysema are usually given oxygen by nasal cannula with an oxygen flow rate of 1.0 to 2.0 L/min and an oxygen concentration of 28% to 30%. The etiology of emphysema is still unclear, and it is generally believed to be produced by the synergistic effect of many factors. It has been found that among the many risk factors, smoking is the most dominant. Chronic cough and sputum, shortness of breath, dyspnea, wheezing and chest tightness are usually present, as well as loss of appetite and weight loss in advanced stages. Patients with emphysema usually have impaired lung function. Treatment of emphysema includes smoking cessation, bronchodilators such as tiotropium bromide, and expectorants such as ambroxol. If hypoxemia develops, long-term home oxygen therapy is required. Because patients with emphysema generally show ventilation dysfunction and are prone to type II respiratory failure, oxygen inhalation is based on low-flow inhalation, with oxygen concentration of less than 30%, and oxygen inhalation of more than 15 hours per day. If the diagnosis of emphysema is made, patients should consult the respiratory medicine department in time, and under the guidance of professional doctors, standardized treatment should be carried out to prevent and control complications and improve the quality of life.