Herpes zoster is a disease characterized by more intense pain caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Patients tend to be middle-aged or older, and are particularly well affected by the elderly and those with reduced immunity. Because the virus primarily attacks sensory nerves, the majority of patients have varying degrees of severe clinical pain. Herpes zoster is not contagious. Chronic fatigue, neurological diseases such as rheumatoid encephalitis, nodular encephalitis, myelitis, acute and chronic infectious diseases such as colds, infectious hepatitis, tuberculosis, chemical or drug poisoning, as well as diabetes, hypertension, certain cardiac and renal diseases and the normal course of childbirth, radiotherapy for tumors, and long-term application of immunosuppressive drugs can be triggering factors. It should be especially reminded that the herpes zoster virus is latent in our body and may develop once the resistance is reduced. The principles of treatment are as follows: 1) antiviral drugs: acyclovir, ganciclovir, interferon, etc.; 2) immunomodulators: thymus skin; 3) physical therapy: ultra-laser; 4) nerve blocks: epidural, paravertebral, plexus, nerve trunk blocks, usually using local anesthetics combined with glucocorticoids such as Depo-Provera, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, etc., can effectively shorten the course of the disease and prevent the occurrence of post-neuralgia. If herpes zoster is not treated in a timely and effective manner, it will easily develop into postherpetic neuralgia. The current definition of postherpetic neuralgia is pain that persists for more than 1 month after the acute lesion has healed. The incidence of postherpetic neuralgia is directly proportional to age. The literature shows that the incidence is 4% in the age group of 10-19 years, 2% in the age group of 20-29 years, 15% in the age group of 30-39 years, 33% in the age group of 40-49 years, 49% in the age group of 50-59 years, 65% in the age group of 60-69 years, and 74% in the age group of 70-79 years. The likelihood of pain lasting for 1 year was 4-10% in the 10-49 years group, 18-48% in the 50-79 years group, and even up to 10 years or more in some patients. Patients suffer from prolonged pain and suffer from low mood, low quality of life, and reduced or even lost ability to work and socialize. Because the disease begins with severe skin problems, many patients (including some physicians) mistakenly believe that if the skin heals, everything will be fine, but this is often not the case. The key to postherpetic neuralgia is active prevention (a few patients can develop without skin herpes). How to prevent postherpetic neuralgia? The acute phase of herpes zoster should be treated early and effectively to reduce inflammation during the acute phase and to prevent the toxic and destructive effects on ganglia and nerve fibers; on the other hand, to prevent the production of central (brain and spinal cord) nociceptive excitatory foci and synaptic remodeling, thus reducing the occurrence of postherpetic neuralgia. If postherpetic neuralgia occurs, it should be treated promptly and effectively. In general, the longer the duration of pain, the less favorable the prognosis. Currently, comprehensive treatment is mainly used, including medication, nerve block, radiofrequency, interventional treatment, etc., which varies from person to person. As an emerging medical interdisciplinary department, pain medicine is a specialized department in clinical pain treatment, especially for refractory postherpetic neuralgia and other neuropathic pain, which can achieve more satisfactory results.