Anal papilloma is a common benign tumor occurring in the anorectum, many patients mistake it for rectal cancer, causing unnecessary psychological panic, which is summarized as follows: Anal papilloma is a lesion in which the anal papilla increases in size and hardens due to long-term stimulation by feces or chronic inflammation, with hypertrophy, hyperplasia and tissue fibrosis, resembling a cauliflower-shaped or papillary mass. The symptoms of anal papilloma are: bleeding after stool, unclean feeling of defecation, anal itching and anal pain, in addition to prolapsed anal papilloma. The disease is insidious, progresses slowly, is a benign tumor, and the effect of surgery is better. Although anal papilloma surgery is curative for anal papilloma, the timing of surgery should be strictly controlled. According to the different periods of the disease, the corresponding comprehensive treatment methods are used. For early stage patients, some preventive treatments are used; for patients who cannot be operated, treatment is combined with herbal enema to improve the efficacy; for patients with larger anal papilloma, surgical removal should be adopted. During surgery, try to adopt minimally invasive methods and pay attention to protecting the skin of the anal canal to reduce the damage to the skin of the anal canal.