The causes of myopia in children and adolescents: genetics and environmental factors are the two main culprits of myopia in children! Genetic factors are defined at birth and cannot be changed later in life. The only thing we can pay attention to is the impact of environmental factors on children’s eyes. The main environmental factors that lead to myopia are as follows.
1. More eye use at close range
What kind of eye use is near eye use: eye use within 40cm is near eye use, such as reading, writing, reading computer, playing cell phone, painting, playing piano, children’s toys that are more costly to the eyes, and so on. In any case, looking far away will not harm your eyes, but looking close is different, because prolonged close eye use will lead to ciliary muscle spasm and the lens will not be able to return to its relaxed state, which will form pseudomyopia at the beginning. If pseudomyopia is not found in time to get timely treatment, it will soon form incurable true myopia.
2, reading and writing distance, incorrect posture
(1) reading and writing distance. Children and adolescents can not do “a fist a foot an inch”. Body from the desk a fist, eyes from the desk a foot, index finger from the pen tip an inch.
2) Reading and writing posture. Not only sit straight, but more importantly, also sit upright, not sideways and head tilted, long-term sideways and head tilted so that the two eyes and the desktop distance is not equal, long-term will lead to a normal, a myopic or a myopic lighter and another myopic heavy situation.
(3) Continuous close eye time is too long
Prolonged close eye use will make the eyes overburdened, the muscles inside and outside the eyes for a long time in a state of tension and do not get rest, over time, when looking at the distance, the eye muscles can not relax and spasm state, so look at the distance to feel blurred and the formation of myopia.
4) Excessive use of electronic products such as ipads and smartphones
Most children become nearsighted because of premature overuse of the eyes, a large part of which is a long-term obsession with electronic products. Why are electronic products likely to cause myopia in children?
1, long time eyes stare at the electronic screen, the number of eye transients reduced, can appear eye dryness, fatigue, foreign body sensation and other dry eye symptoms. Dry eye syndrome can lead to a decrease in visual quality due to uneven tear film on the eye surface.
2, long time to look at the electronic screen, the light radiation of electronic products will inhibit the function of the retinal photoreceptor cells, causing visual fatigue and vision loss.
3, due to frequent changes in screen brightness and visual distance flicker, the eye to see the screen text, graphics and other information content, the eye adjustment muscle, especially the ciliary muscle must move frequently, the ciliary muscle will be fatigue (i.e., visual fatigue) or ciliary muscle spasm, resulting in regulatory myopia, if not timely prevention, will soon become true myopia.
5, children and adolescents’ desks and height mismatch
6, reading environment lighting is too strong, too weak, or reflective
7, reading in a moving state, such as walking or moving vehicles
8, lying down to read, easily lead to vision discrepancies
9, sleep deprivation
Because the development of the eye and vision regulation is mainly governed by the plant nerve, when the plant nerve dysfunction, the ciliary muscle in the eye will appear abnormal contraction, making the eye axis longer, thus forming myopia. Currently, some ophthalmologists believe that dysfunction of the ocular phytoconstituents, i.e., sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, is the pathological basis for myopia. Investigations and statistics by ophthalmologists confirm that the primary factor causing the dysfunction of the plant nerves in the eye is the lack of sleep time.
10, malnutrition, lack of calcium, zinc, vitamins, etc.
1) Calcium: Calcium is the main constituent of bones and the main constituent of sclera. Higher calcium content plays a major role in enhancing the toughness of the sclera. Animal bones such as cow bone, pig bone and sheep bone are rich in calcium and can be easily absorbed and used by the body. Other products such as dairy, bean products, shrimp, shrimp, eggs, rape, cabbage, peanut rice, dates, etc. also contain more calcium.
2) Zinc: Myopia patients are generally lacking in chromium and zinc, myopia patients should eat more foods that contain more zinc. Foods such as soybeans, almonds, nori, kelp, yellow fish, milk powder, tea, meat, liver, etc. contain more zinc and chromium and can be increased in moderation.
3) Vitamins: They are essential nutrients for the human body. Although the body’s demand for them is small, they play an extremely important role in the body’s material and energy metabolism. Vitamin A, B1, B2, C, and E should be supplemented appropriately when treating myopia with dietary therapy. foods rich in vitamins include eggs, milk, meat, fish, liver, and fresh vegetables and fruits.