The causes of bone loss generally consist of physiologic and pathologic factors. Physiologically, bone loss can be associated with age, gender, height, weight, long-term smoking, alcohol consumption, etc. Pathologically, bone loss can be associated with abnormal parathyroid function. Bone mineral content increases with age before puberty; after puberty, the increase is more pronounced in males than in females, and peaks between 30 and 40 years of age. Thereafter, bone mineral content decreases with age, with a greater decline in females than in males. The bone content of men and premenopausal women is positively correlated with height, and the bone mineral content of women is positively correlated with body weight. Nicotine in cigarettes contributes directly to osteoporosis by destroying bone cells. In addition, nicotine causes constriction of blood vessels, which leads to decreased bone nutrition and osteoporosis. Alcohol consumption causes osteoporosis because chronic alcohol abuse can lead to liver damage, which causes malnutrition leading to osteoporosis. Patients with hyperparathyroidism produce more parathyroid hormone, which stimulates osteolysis to elevate blood calcium, leading to lower bone density. Overall, there are many reasons affecting bone mass. If bone mass decreases and leads to discomfort, you should go to a regular hospital in time for consultation to clarify the specific cause and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.