The main treatment for cholesteatoma is still surgical, but cholesteatoma is usually located in the midline of the skull and in the center of the skull because of the location of the growth. This is a complex anatomy with many adjacent blood vessels and nerves, and the cholesteatoma can be excised in the early stage and is basically intact, but in the later stage, it is very likely to erode the bone and encircle the blood vessels and nerves, making it very difficult to be excised in one surgery. Moreover, if a complete resection is attempted in one operation, the surrounding blood vessels and nerves may be damaged, causing certain dysfunction, which is not worth the loss. Therefore, the mainstream view of cholesteatoma is that the majority of the cholesteatoma should be removed surgically to relieve the clinical symptoms. In the later stages, active review and, if necessary, even a second surgical treatment is required, of course, after surgery. It can also be controlled by radiotherapy, but it is not a particularly ideal way. Therefore, it is important to focus on the review of cholesteatoma after the surgery.