The general five-year survival rate of rectal cancer after surgery can reach 50%-60%, depending on the clinical stage, treatment mode, postoperative care, as well as the physical and psychological quality of the patient. Early stage rectal cancer is generally not accompanied by lymph nodes, distant organ metastasis or local severe infiltrative growth, and its 5-year survival rate can reach more than 80% through surgical treatment or combined with postoperative chemotherapy. If the malignant degree is well differentiated, the chance of recurrence is relatively small and the survival time can be relatively extended. Patients with advanced rectal cancer are prone to severe ascites, complicated by intestinal obstruction or distant organ metastasis, etc. The prognosis is relatively poor after palliative surgery, and the survival period is usually about 1-2 years or even a few months. Therefore, it is recommended that people with high risk factors for rectal cancer should have regular medical checkups for early detection and diagnosis as well as early standardized and individualized treatment to improve the five-year survival rate. Regular checkups are needed after surgery, and if any obvious polyp or anastomosis recurrence is found, reoperation should be performed promptly.