Basic knowledge and skills
I. Basic knowledge and concepts
1.Health is not just the absence of disease or infirmity, but the intact state of physical, mental and social adaptation.
2.Everyone has the responsibility to maintain their own health and the health of others, and a healthy lifestyle can maintain and promote their own health.
3. The environment is closely related to health, and protecting the environment promotes health.
4.Donate blood for free, help others and benefit yourself.
5.Everyone should care for, help and not discriminate against the sick and disabled.
6.Health check-ups should be conducted regularly.
7, the normal blood pressure of adults is systolic blood pressure ≥ 90mmHg and < 140mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 60mmHg and < 90mmHg; axillary body temperature 36 ℃ ~ 37 ℃; calm breathing 16 ~ 20 times / min; heart rate 60 ~ 100 times / min.
8.Vaccination is the most effective and economical measure to prevent some infectious diseases, and children should be vaccinated according to the immunization program after birth.
9.Vaccination against influenza before the influenza epidemic season can reduce the chance of getting influenza or alleviate the symptoms after getting influenza.
10.AIDS, hepatitis B and C are transmitted through blood, sexual contact and mother-to-child transmission, but not through daily life and work contact.
11.Tuberculosis is mainly transmitted through droplets generated by patients coughing, sneezing and talking loudly; if you have coughing or coughing for more than 2 weeks, or if there is blood in the sputum, you should be promptly checked whether you have tuberculosis.
12.Adhering to standard treatment, most TB patients can be cured and drug-resistant TB can be effectively prevented.
13.In schistosomiasis endemic areas, contact with infected water should be avoided as much as possible; after contact with infected water, timely examination or preventive treatment should be received.
14.Domestic dogs and cats should be vaccinated against veterinary rabies; after being scratched or bitten by dogs or cats, people should immediately flush the wound and inject anti-rabies immunoglobulin (or serum) and human rabies vaccine as soon as possible.
15.Mosquitoes, flies, rats, cockroaches, etc. can spread diseases.
16.Report any sick or dead livestock, do not process or eat sick or dead livestock, and do not eat wild animals.
17.Pay attention to blood pressure changes, control hypertension risk factors, hypertension patients should learn to self-health management.
18.Pay attention to changes in blood sugar, control the risk factors of diabetes, and patients with diabetes should strengthen their self-health management.
19.Actively participate in cancer screening, early detection of cancer and precancerous lesions.
20.Everyone may experience depression and anxiety, and correctly understand depression and anxiety.
21.Care for the elderly, prevent falls and identify dementia in old age.
22.Choose safe and efficient contraceptive measures, reduce abortion, and care for women’s reproductive health.
23.Health food is not medicine, and choose health food correctly.
24.Workers should understand the hazards in their jobs and work environment, comply with the operating procedures, pay attention to personal protection, and avoid occupational injuries.
25.Workers engaged in toxic and harmful jobs enjoy the right to occupational protection.
Second, a healthy lifestyle and behavior
26.Healthy lifestyle mainly includes four aspects: reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and psychological balance.
27. Maintain normal weight and avoid overweight and obesity.
28.Diet should be mainly cereals, more vegetables, fruits and potatoes, pay attention to the meat and vegetable, coarse and fine combination.
29.Advocate daily consumption of milk, beans and their products.
30, the diet should be light, less oil, less salt, less sugar, consumption of qualified iodized salt.
31. Pay attention to drinking water hygiene, drink an appropriate amount of water every day.
32, raw and cooked food should be stored and processed separately, raw vegetables and fruits should be washed, do not eat spoiled, beyond the shelf life of the food.
33, adults should be 6 to 10 thousand steps equivalent daily physical activity, moving is beneficial, it is important to adhere to.
34, smoking and second-hand smoke exposure can lead to cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and many other diseases.
35, “low-tar cigarettes”, “herbal cigarettes” can not reduce the harm caused by smoking.
36, any age can benefit from quitting smoking, the earlier you quit, the better, smoking cessation clinics can provide professional smoking cessation services.
37.Drink less alcohol and do not abuse alcohol.
38.Use sedative-hypnotics and analgesics and other addictive drugs as prescribed by your doctor to prevent drug dependence.
39.Refuse drugs.
40. Combine work and rest, and ensure 7-8 hours of sleep every day.
41, pay attention to and maintain mental health, should take the initiative to seek help when encountering psychological problems.
42. Wash your hands regularly, take a bath often, brush your teeth in the morning and evening, rinse your mouth after meals, and do not share towels and toiletries.
43.According to weather changes and air quality, open windows and keep indoor air circulation at the right time.
44.Do not smoke or spit in public places, and cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
45.Use sanitary toilets in rural areas and manage human and animal excrement.
46.Scientific medical care, timely consultation, follow medical advice, rational treatment of the results of treatment.
47.Rational use of drugs, can be taken orally not injected, can be injected not infusion, under the guidance of doctors use antibiotics.
48.Wear helmets, wear seat belts, do not speed, do not drunk driving, do not fatigue driving, reduce road traffic injuries.
49, strengthen care and education, avoid children close to dangerous waters, to prevent drowning.
50, winter heating pay attention to ventilation, beware of gas poisoning.
51.Take the initiative to receive premarital and preconception health care, and should receive at least five prenatal checkups during pregnancy and hospital delivery.
52.Start breastfeeding as early as possible after the birth of a child, and add supplementary foods reasonably when the child is 6 months old.
53.Promote early childhood development through parent-child communication and play, and intervene early when psychological and behavioral development problems are detected.
54.Adolescents are in a critical period of physical and mental development, they should develop a healthy behavior and lifestyle, prevent myopia, overweight and obesity, and avoid Internet addiction and premature sexual behavior.
III. Basic Skills
55.Pay attention to health information and be able to obtain, understand, screen and apply health information.
56.Be able to read and understand labels and instructions of food, drugs and health products.
57.Can identify common hazard signs, such as high pressure, flammable, explosive, highly toxic, radioactive, biosafety, etc., and stay away from hazards.
58.Can measure pulse and axillary body temperature.
59.Will use condoms correctly to reduce the risk of HIV and STD infection and prevent unwanted pregnancy.
60.Properly store and properly use toxic substances such as pesticides and prevent children from contacting them.
61.Dial 120 when seeking emergency medical assistance and 12320 when seeking health consultation services.
62.In case of trauma with heavy bleeding, stop the bleeding and bandage immediately; do not move the injured person suspected of fracture easily.
63.When encountering a casualty with respiratory or cardiac arrest, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
64, rescue electrocution, to first cut off the power, do not directly touch the electrocution.
65.In case of fire, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel and escape in a low position; call the fire alarm number 119.
66.When an earthquake occurs, choose the correct way to avoid the earthquake, immediately after the earthquake to carry out self-help and mutual aid.