Autoimmune diabetes refers to type 1A diabetes, the most common form of type 1 diabetes, and is an immune-mediated form of diabetes. Its pathogenesis is a combination of autoimmune and genetic and environmental factors. Patients have susceptibility genes in their bodies that make them more likely to produce autoantibodies. These individuals develop an autoimmune response triggered by environmental factors, which are currently considered to be mainly viral infections, such as rubella virus, mumps virus, coxsackie virus, enterovirus, etc. After the autoimmune response is initiated, autoantibodies against islet cells are specifically produced, leading to necrosis or apoptosis of islet β-cells, impaired islet function, and reduced insulin secretion. When pancreatic β-cell damage continues to reach a certain level and only about 20% of the remaining β-cells remain, the patient’s blood glucose rises significantly and diabetes develops, requiring lifelong insulin treatment. This type of diabetes is mainly seen in children and adolescents, but adults can also develop autoimmune diabetes, which is called occult autoimmune diabetes in adults.