Lung cancer ranks first among all cancers in terms of incidence and mortality, with 1.2 million new cases worldwide each year and an average of one death from lung cancer every 30 seconds. Studies over the years have shown that abnormalities in genes such as oncogenes, oncogenes and growth factors play a rather important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. Currently, several mechanisms of action related to cell cycle, angiogenesis, and tumor infiltration and metastasis have been elucidated. These discoveries have provided “targets” for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer, making it possible to achieve “precision guidance”. A new field of drugs and approaches for lung cancer has been born – targeted lung cancer therapy. There are two major types of lung cancer: small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer, including adenocarcinoma of the lung, squamous carcinoma and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, accounts for approximately 80% of all lung cancer cases. In the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the three traditional treatments are surgery, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. The first two are local treatment, i.e., targeted treatment to the cancerous area; the latter one is to apply effective drugs to the whole body by blood circulation through intravenous injection and oral administration. Years of clinical practice have proved the efficacy of traditional treatment methods, but at the same time, the greater toxic side effects and pains are also difficult for patients to bear. Modern tumor treatment has greatly enriched the treatment of lung cancer, and the efficacy of lung cancer treatment has made great progress, and the survival rate of advanced lung cancer has improved compared with 5 years ago. ” The rise of targeted therapy has overturned the traditional concept of lung cancer as a terminal disease. Targeted therapy inhibits the growth of tumor by targeting and blocking the proliferation and metastasis signaling of cancer cells, disrupting the metabolism of cancer cells, preventing the generation of new blood vessels in tumor, and cutting off the blood and nutrient supply to cancer cells. The drug only works on tumor cells through tumor target specificity and has little or no effect on normal cells, so it only kills tumor cells and does not harm normal cells or rarely. Therefore, it is undoubtedly a very good choice for those patients who cannot tolerate chemotherapy and do not want to receive it. Both targeted therapy and chemotherapy are means of systemic treatment for patients, but the difference lies in the fact that when chemotherapy is administered to lung cancer patients, the drugs enter the body and kill tumor cells while normal cells are harmed to a certain extent due to the low selectivity, while targeted therapy does not harm normal cells and may cause less side effects because it has specific targets. Generally speaking, some patients will have mild diarrhea and rash, and some will have interstitial pneumonia. In addition, the effect of targeted therapeutic drugs is usually very fast, with an average of 7-10 days to see the improvement of symptoms, and the patient’s health and quality of life can be significantly improved soon. In the past, it was often thought that targeted therapy drugs, Erythroxel, worked better for oriental, female, and non-smokers, but according to the latest research, there is not such a significant difference in the dosing of Erythroxel for different types of people, and the second-line efficacy of Erythroxel is similar to the current gold standard chemotherapy drug for non-small cell lung cancer, docetaxel, but with a better safety profile. For patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who have received other anti-cancer treatments and whose disease is still deteriorating, the application of ERSA treatment can result in survival of more than 1 year for about 1/3 of patients who adhere to treatment. The advent of targeted therapy provides a new option to extend patients’ lives better and longer. With just one pill taken orally every day, patients do not need to be hospitalized, and some patients can even return to work. It can be said that targeted therapy for lung cancer is a gift to mankind from the pharmaceutical industry in the 21st century. With higher selectivity and fewer side effects, it is becoming a new trend in lung cancer treatment. At present, cancer research has entered the cellular and molecular levels, and the so-called molecular targeted therapy is to target a key molecule in the process of cancer development, so as to develop drugs targeting this molecule to achieve the purpose of anti-tumor. Therefore, molecular targeted therapy has the characteristics of high specificity and low damage to normal tissues, and molecular targeted therapy is currently under development and research. Its use in women, adenocarcinoma, and Asian patients without a history of smoking significantly improves the prognosis of patients. 2. Tarceva: Tarceva is an effective, reversible, selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It has good efficacy in lung cancer. 3.Cetuximab/C-225: Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody to EGFR. It is also currently used in the treatment of lung cancer. 4.Bevacizumab/Avastin: Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody. It can block the production of VEGF bioactive form, and thus inhibit tumor angiogenesis. 5. crizotinib (CRIZALK/XALKORI, crizotinib, crizotinib) The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved crizotinib for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is positive for mesenchymal lymphoma kinase (ALK) The above drugs can be used alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Some clinical trials have demonstrated the value of these agents in the treatment of lung cancer, and additional clinical trials are ongoing. The effectiveness of these drugs and how they are used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents need to be further investigated. Based on the results achieved so far, molecularly targeted drugs have a promising future and will definitely play a great role in cancer treatment. Other targeted drugs in development for lung cancer 1. sirolimus, temsirolimus and everolimus 2. Y15 (1,2,4,5-phenyltetramine tetrahydrochloride)