In adults, insomnia is most commonly associated with difficulty falling asleep and maintaining sleep (frequent awakenings, difficulty falling asleep again after waking, early awakenings, etc.). Symptoms of insomnia in children include refusal to go to bed, frequent nighttime awakenings, and inability to fall asleep independently. Symptoms of insomnia often co-occur with somatic complaints, psychological disorders, and other sleep disorders, and are sometimes associated with the use of certain medications or substance abuse. Therefore, when symptoms related to insomnia occur, it is important to actively search for the cause of insomnia, which is closely related to the treatment and prognosis of insomnia. If insomnia is simply treated and other diseases that cause insomnia are ignored, the treatment is often unsatisfactory and may also lead to delayed treatment because it masks the symptoms. On the other hand, if we simply address the cause of insomnia or treat only other disorders that co-occur with insomnia without paying attention to the treatment of insomnia, there is a risk of chronicity of insomnia symptoms, and only when both aspects are considered can we achieve both the symptoms and the root cause. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is equally effective In many people’s deep-rooted perception, insomnia has only one solution: taking sleeping pills. This concept has two very extreme consequences. One is to rely solely or chronically on sleeping pills to help you sleep, regardless of whether you fall asleep first. These patients often do not communicate effectively with their doctors and never have their condition effectively evaluated. Conversely, doctors are not aware of the changes in the patient’s condition and its severity, and simply prescribe a few sleeping pills each time, resulting in delayed treatment and over-dependence on sleeping pills. Another concept is to be afraid of sleeping pills, and to regard them as a beast, and to worry excessively about the side effects of the drugs, even if the insomnia is very serious, they are not willing to take them. In fact, besides drugs, cognitive behavioral therapy is also a very effective way to treat insomnia. It is a non-pharmacological treatment, mainly by changing the behavioral and cognitive concepts that cause insomnia, and has the advantages of not taking medication, not worrying about the side effects of medication, and maintaining the efficacy for a long time. The short-term effects of this therapy are comparable to those of sleeping pills, but the long-term effects are often better than those of sleeping pill therapy. For many insomnia patients, this therapy has advantages that cannot be replaced by medication. It is especially suitable for those who cannot or should not take medication (preparation for pregnancy, pregnancy, liver, kidney, heart and lung insufficiency), those who are unwilling to take medication (excessive fear of medication side effects), and those who cannot quit taking sleeping pills for a long time or whose medication is not effective.