Pemetrexed plus carboplatin is the standard first-line chemotherapy treatment for advanced non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma and malignant pleural mesothelioma. The combination of pemetrexed and carboplatin can effectively control the disease, improve the symptoms and prognosis of patients, and prolong the survival time of patients. It should be noted that low-dose folic acid or other multivitamin preparations containing folic acid should be taken before and during the administration of pemetrexed to minimize toxicity. Pemetrexed is used alone for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. During the administration of pemetrexed, attention should be paid to the adverse effects brought by the drug, which commonly include decreased renal function, bone marrow suppression, and gastrointestinal adverse effects. Pregnant and lactating women should use the drug with caution. Adverse reactions to carboplatin used alone in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer of epithelial origin included altered taste (rare, 1%), alopecia (3%), debility (8%), and fever and chills not due to infection or allergy. Alopecia and debility were more common when carboplatin was combined with other agents in chemotherapy. Carboplatin is contraindicated in patients with severe renal insufficiency and in patients with severe myelosuppression, in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the product and other platinum-containing compounds, and in patients with hemorrhagic neoplasms. It is also contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women and is generally contraindicated in pediatric patients. It should be noted that the normal frequency of carboplatin use should not exceed once a month. Patients are advised to take treatment under the supervision of a medical professional.