Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been characterized as a class of carcinogenic factors, and HP infection causing chronic gastritis, which in turn leads to gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinalization has also been recognized as a pre-cancerous lesion in the development of gastric cancer. Therefore, in 2014 in Kyoto, Japan, medical experts around the world reached a consensus that prevention and eradication of HP infection should be the primary means of preventing gastric cancer. Especially in Japan, the medical profession describes the eradication of HP as “fighting fire”, hoping to greatly reduce the incidence of gastric cancer by eradicating HP. It is advocated to screen children and young people for HP and eradicate it in time to cut off the root cause of chronic gastritis and its progression to atrophy and intestinalization. The ultimate goal is to control the incidence of gastric cancer. China is a large country with HP infection, and both prevention and eradication of HP are a long way to go. Therefore, we should strongly promote good hygienic habits and advocate meal sharing. We should also advocate family members to detect and eradicate HP. It is especially important to improve the eradication rate of HP, which is not satisfactory due to the misuse of antibiotics and the irregular treatment in the past. The emphasis on standardized “quadruple therapy” and “individualized treatment” should be part of the training curriculum for primary care hospitals and specialists. It is also imperative to raise awareness of HP among the general public, so that people are fully aware of the dangers of HP and can better cooperate with prevention and treatment.