Rheumatic diseases are a group of diseases that affect bones, joints and their surrounding soft tissues (such as muscles, bursae, tendons, fascia, nerves, etc.). Their etiology is complex, their clinical manifestations are diverse, and their treatment lacks specificity. However, some rheumatic immune diseases have certain age and gender differences in their pathogenesis, and it may be helpful for us to grasp their age of predilection for diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Rheumatic immune diseases can affect all kinds of people. From newborn babies to the elderly, the clinical incidence is quite high, and with the advent of an aging population and longer life expectancy, the prevalence of osteoarthritis is gradually increasing, with inconsistencies in the age range of the disease. 10% to 17% of people over 40 years of age, up to 50% of people over 65 years of age, and up to 80% of people over 75 years of age are more susceptible than women. Rheumatoid arthritis often occurs in women between the ages of 40 and 50. More women than men, the ratio of men to women is about 1:3, between the ages of 40 to 65 is a high incidence age group. Why is rheumatoid arthritis more prevalent in women than men? This is mainly related to women’s hormone levels, genetics and other factors. The age of onset of ankylosing spondylitis is usually between 10 and 40 years old, and it is relatively rare after 40 years old and before 8 years old, with a male to female ratio of 2 to 3:1. Systemic lupus erythematosus occurs in women of childbearing age, with a peak in the age group of 15 to 45 years old. The average age of onset in the Asia-Pacific region is 25.7 to 34.5 years. Giant cell arteritis and rheumatic polymyalgia are largely seen only in middle-aged and elderly people. In contrast, aortitis often occurs only in young women between 10 and 30 years of age, about 90%, and less frequently after 40 years of age. Therefore, according to different age groups of patients, we focus on diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prevention differently, which provides some help for early diagnosis and early treatment of epidemic diseases.