Bai**, female, 46 years old, complained of intractable low back pain with right lower limb soreness and discomfort for more than 3 years, and various conservative treatments were ineffective. MRI of lumbar spine showed L4-5 disc degeneration, but no obvious disc herniation and no signs of nerve compression. Lumbar discography induced the patient’s back pain symptoms during lumbar discography, and the L4-5 disc ruptured. Post-imaging CT examination showed a ruptured L4-5 disc with an alignment located near the right nerve root. Inflammatory changes at the ruptured disc could be seen intraoperatively endoscopically, and the inflammatory granulation tissue was ablated away after radiofrequency thermocoagulation and fibrocycloplasty. Postoperatively, the back pain and right lower limb discomfort completely disappeared.