According to the statistics of the China Alliance for Safe Injections, more than 390,000 people die each year in China as a result of unsafe injections. At present, some village health centers or hospitals, in order to cheat money, “hang bottles for every illness” is a very serious phenomenon. Even for minor illnesses such as toothache, cold and flu, it is necessary to hang a “bottle”. Expert surveys have found that more than 95% of people are unaware of the dangers of misuse of fluids and unsafe injections. According to the World Health Organization, more than 70% of infusions are unnecessary. The alarming abuse of infusion has brought major disasters to mankind. Our country has become the hardest hit area. Medical experts at home and abroad call for: “Doctors should follow the principle that what can be taken orally should not be injected, and what can be injected intramuscularly should not be injected intravenously when choosing medicines”. If the doctor violates this principle and abuses the infusion, it will cause adverse consequences to the patient and even endanger his life. This is because forcing drugs and water into the bloodstream carries a greater risk than taking drugs orally. It has been clinically found that the more drugs added to the “bottle”, the greater the toxic side effects, and the particles increase dramatically. If seven drugs are combined in a “vial”, the side effects increase by more than 50 percent. Some drugs are not properly coordinated, into the blood vessels can be chemically reactive precipitation. For example, benzylpenicillin and norepinephrine combined, can show brown precipitation. Some doctors often infuse a large number of patients with vitamin C. In fact, continuous infusion of large amounts of vitamin C can make the patient appear toxic reactions. Indiscriminate “bottles” infusion reaction is also very serious. A scientific research unit statistics: 6 medical units, a year there are 326 cases of infusion reaction, including 7 cases of death. Infusion reaction light headache, low fever, drug rash, panic, heavy fever, chills, joint pain, irritability, convulsions, shock and even death, indiscriminate “bottles” can also cause the body’s water, electrolyte balance disorders. Any good quality injections can not reach the ideal “zero particles” standard. A hospital in Beijing in the “bottle” inspection found that in 1 ml of 20% mannitol solution, can be found in 4-30 micron particle size 598. In 1 ml of 50% dextrose add penicillin solution can be detected 2-16 micron particle size 542. With this many particles in one milliliter of solution, there would be 200,000 particles in 500 milliliters of solution. Because the smallest capillaries of the body’s diameter is only 4-7 microns, if you often play “bottles”, more than 4 microns of particles in the liquid will accumulate in the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, muscles, skin, capillaries, and so on, and in the long run, it will directly cause microvascular thrombosis, bleeding and increased venous pressure, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis and Carcinogenic. The accumulation of particles will also cause insufficient local blood supply, tissue ischemia, hypoxia, edema and inflammation, allergies and so on. A large number of particles entering the human body with the infusion are phagocytosed by macrophages, which can enlarge the macrophages and form granulomas. A scholar of a lifetime infusion of 40 liters of “bottles” cadaver autopsy, found that the cadaver only lungs have more than 500 granulomas and a large number of microvascular plugging. Since infusion is also an irritant to the blood vessels, prolonged infusion often leads to inflammation of the veins, redness, swelling and pain, localized temperature increase, and even sclerosis. The end effect of intravenous fluids and oral medications are identical. If the patient’s gastrointestinal function is normal, intravenous fluids should never be abused. Abuse of IV fluids costs more money and can cause harm to your body, even killing you. So, what kind of situation can be given drugs by intravenous infusion? Experts believe that there are only 3 kinds of situations: swallowing difficulties; serious absorption disorders (such as vomiting, severe diarrhea, etc.); critical condition, rapid development, the drug in the tissue should reach a high concentration in order to deal with the situation of emergency. In the December 24th meeting of the eleventh session of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, the 18th meeting of the joint group meeting, the deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that in 2009, China’s medical infusion of 10.4 billion bottles, equivalent to 1.3 billion people per person infused with 8 bottles of liquid, much higher than the international level of 2.5 to 3.3 bottles of this excessive use of medication jeopardizes the people’s health and safety of life. In real life, when you have a fever and a cold, you go to the hospital to get an IV. In the infusion room of the hospital, the scene is even more alarming. Taking medicine, intramuscular injection, IV drip, the last way of drug delivery recommended by the WHO – intravenous drip has become the norm for doctors to give medicine. Most people are unaware of the potential for adverse drug reactions associated with intravenous drips, and doctors rarely take the initiative to inform them. Antibiotic abuse has brought about the terrible consequences of superbugs, and the proliferation of “IVs” is actually an important driver of antibiotic abuse. Oral medication, if an adverse reaction can be gastric lavage; subcutaneous injection, the absorption needs a certain time, so that can create certain conditions for emergency. Intravenous drugs through the needle directly into the blood circulation, did not go through the body’s natural barrier to filter, although the efficacy of the drug faster, once there are adverse reactions tend to come faster and more serious. The same is a cold, through the oral medicine and rest treatment, basically only 20-30 yuan; intravenous infusion generally have to use antiviral drugs, anti-infective drugs, vitamins, fluids and infusion set, adding up to about 200-300 yuan. Intravenous fluids, commonly known as “drip”. In winter, when respiratory illnesses are high, almost every hospital is a “forest of bottles”. The use of antibiotics is an important reason for the proliferation of infusion Experts said that the current clinical use of antibiotics is an important reason for the proliferation of infusion. Many of the infusion patients are due to various infections, including the most common respiratory infections as well as gastrointestinal infections and urinary tract infections. “Infusion is a major mode of antibiotic administration, especially for some respiratory diseases, such as bacteria-induced colds and pneumonia. Currently, the unregulated use of antibiotics has been recognized as a medical problem, and some patients who have no need for antibiotics or no need for infusion have also started to receive antibiotics, which is an important reason for the higher number of infusions.” Infusions have faster and more serious episodes if there are adverse reactions We are endlessly infusing fluids on the one hand, but on the other hand, we know very little about the risks of infusion. Infusion as a continuous intravenous injection, and oral medicine and subcutaneous injection compared does have the advantage of fast healing short course, but at the same time there are many health risks. Experts say that intravenous injections are usually accompanied by adverse reactions that are heavier and occur more frequently. According to the projections of the Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Health, the annual hospitalization of patients due to adverse drug reactions in China is as high as 2.5 million. Intravenous drugs are injected directly into the bloodstream through a needle, without being filtered through the body’s natural barriers, and although they work faster, adverse reactions are often faster and more serious. And the infusion itself, because of the operation of the problem, there are many infusion reactions in the clinic. For example, the drip is too fast, the temperature of the liquid is too low or the presence of insoluble particles, all of which can cause problems in the circulatory system. “The principle of rational use of medication determined by the World Health Organization is ‘not to give intramuscular injections if they can be taken orally, and never to give intravenous injections if they can be given intramuscularly’. This should attract our attention in the country.” Outpatient visits Patients know nothing about the risks of infusion Xiao Ke, a junior at China University of Geosciences, recently caught a cold and did not see any improvement after taking the medicines prescribed by the university hospital, so she came to the respiratory department of the North Medical Third Hospital at her own expense. “I’ve had a cold for a few days now, and I’m dizzy, and I seem to have a fever, so it’s really torturous. But the doctor didn’t give me any fluids either, and prescribed some cold medicine for me to go back and keep eating, and I really hoped that I could get better quickly with fluids.” In the fever clinic and pediatrics clinic, the reporter saw a lot of patients are infusion, mostly cold and fever, cough, bronchitis and diarrhea, 80% of which is because of respiratory infections and infusion. Mr. Jiao, who lives in College Road, in the course of interviews with reporters, repeatedly asked the nurse to adjust the speed of the drip for their own, “Every infusion feels a little uncomfortable, may be too fast drip. But the nurse said can not be adjusted slower, there are still two bags of liquid behind it has not been lost.” When asked not to worry about the adverse effects of infusion? Mr. Jiao, who was pale, said that he only knew that something would happen to the allergy, but nothing else. Most of the other patients being infused also do not know what adverse reactions to infusion, many people say that no skin test before infusion, and do not feel the need for a skin test. Expert opinion Most of the diseases have a variety of ways of drug delivery So what are the circumstances that require infusion? Experts say that clinically not everyone with a cold or fever needs an infusion. “Take respiratory tract infections, more than half of them may be caused by viruses. At this point, the patient should not be given some antibiotics, because antibiotics are only useful for bacteria-induced colds, and can’t work for viral colds. And even if antibiotics are needed, there are various ways to give them, either orally or intramuscularly. Most illnesses have many options for administration, and the choice depends on the patient. Colds are complex illnesses. In terms of treatment, non-pharmacological therapies are generally advocated, such as rest, nutrition, and physical therapy to reduce fever. If you don’t see any improvement, you must use medicine to treat, the first choice is oral medicine, followed by myocardial injection, and finally with comorbidities need intravenous drip.” “IV” analysis of the infusion risk is higher than drugs, injections for intravenous infusion discussion has not stopped, intravenous infusion what risks need our attention? Lv Yuan said that in several ways of drug delivery, the risk of infusion is really higher than oral and intramuscular injection, especially allergies. Prevent allergies Cephalosporins try to do a skin test The same drug if the use of intravenous infusion than oral and hypodermic injection faster into the body, which leads to if the patient has an adverse reaction to the drug, the infusion of the consequences than oral and hypodermic injection more serious. Such a problem is most typically an allergy, in addition to the drug itself being contaminated. While oral drugs can be gastric lavage if there is an adverse reaction, the absorption of subcutaneous injection requires a certain amount of time, so that all can create certain conditions for first aid. Experts said that in order to prevent the occurrence of allergy, some drugs should be skin test before infusion. Penicillin, streptomycin and other mandatory skin test drugs is not a big problem, while drugs like cephalosporins and other drugs that are not mandatory skin test, we should pay attention. “The issue of cephalosporin itself there is some controversy, in addition to individual cephalosporins in the instructions to the skin test, the other are just allergic to penicillin and allergic to the body to be used with caution. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia also cephalosporins do not specify, although the cephalosporin class of allergic reactions than penicillin chances are small, but the hospital out of a responsible point of view should also do skin test, the patient in order to their own health should be required to do skin test.” Infusion reaction 5 kinds of more common experts said, patients in the process of infusion should always pay attention to the common infusion reaction: fever reaction: due to the input of fever-causing substances and make the patient appear chills, chills, high fever and other symptoms, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and headache. Heart failure: Increased cardiac load due to too much fluid being fed into the blood system in a short period of time because the infusion rate is too fast. Phlebitis: Localized infection of the veins due to infusion apparatus that fails to meet the requirements of sterility, or inflammation of the lining of the veins at the infusion site due to prolonged infusion of highly concentrated and irritating drugs. Symptoms are streaks of red lines on the arm, localized redness, swelling and hot pain. Air embolism: Air enters the vein because the air in the infusion tube is not exhausted or the catheter is not connected tightly. It is often manifested by abnormal chest discomfort and dyspnea, which may lead to death in severe cases. Pulmonary edema: Suddenly feel chest tightness, shortness of breath during infusion, and frothy bloody sputum when coughing. Experts said that if the above symptoms occur, should be taken in time to take appropriate treatment: 1, the patient in the infusion of some clothing or blankets, pay attention to warmth; 2, long-term injection of patients should be more change the injection site; 3, the infusion speed should not be too fast, especially the elderly, children and heart disease patients. Family members or nurses should not leave the infuser for a long time to prevent the liquid from going empty. If symptoms such as breathing difficulty, headache and vomiting occur during infusion, the infusion speed should be reduced immediately or the infusion should be stopped. Hospital infections Long time, big chance of infection Due to the long time needed for infusion, coupled with the hospital’s internal asepsis is not strict, it is possible that in a certain part of the infusion, the patient may be infected with some infectious diseases that are prevalent in hospitals, such as hepatitis B, etc. The “drip” proposal to cure the disease do not seek fast, infusion of hidden dangers At present, infusion in a variety of means of treatment accounted for an increasing proportion, and even in the minds of patients to form a fever to be the concept of infusion. Peking Union Medical College School of Public Health President Huang Jianshi said, intravenous injection does need to be careful. Infusion is a “last resort” way to give medicine experts say, infusion in China is more like a long-established culture of medical treatment, as if the infusion can not cure the disease, so that patients can not wait to have an infusion. In fact, in Western countries, infusion is the doctor as a last resort will not use the “last way to give drugs”, only emergency patients, critically ill patients and patients who can not eat, will be used to open the human body venous channels this kind of risky way of intravenous injection. Infusion affects the body’s medication environment Experts say that the cautious attitude towards intravenous injection is not just a requirement for doctors, but also a change in the patient’s medical concept. From the point of view of the cost of treatment, it is clear that the cost of infusion is higher. The same cold, through oral medicine as well as rest method of treatment, basically only 20-30 dollars. Intravenous infusions, on the other hand, typically involve antivirals, anti-infectives, vitamins, fluids and infusion sets, adding up to roughly$200-300. “Why can’t the people see this tenfold difference? It’s because nowadays, treating illnesses by infusion has almost become a fixed concept of seeing a doctor.” Experts, now the pace of life is too fast, even the treatment of disease also seek fast, cold infusion really good fast, children and will not take medication on time, infusion is more trouble-free. Sometimes even if the doctor does not want to give infusion, parents are anxious to hope that the fever will go down as soon as possible. In fact, especially for children, although the infusion of fast, but the body of the drug environment will have an impact on the future of other treatment is unfavorable.