The main clinical types and manifestations of insomnia 1, primary sleep disorder Long-term nocturnal sleep disorder, no neurological symptoms that can explain insomnia, depression or other psychiatric disorders and somatic diseases. Some patients can be lifelong, and unlike normal people who only need 3-4h of sleep at night to satisfy, these patients often have symptoms of partial sleep deprivation and do not hesitate to take various drugs or measures to ensure sleep time. These patients have short sleep time, especially the short sleep time in stage IV, frequent awakening, low arousal threshold, and easily accompanied by mental disorder, but it is not clear whether the mental disorder is the cause or the result. 2. Secondary sleep disorder is also called environmental insomnia. Often secondary to pain or other physical illness, or secondary to substance abuse, depression. The duration is often brief. Common causes are: (1) somatic causes: restless legs syndrome often causes difficulty in sleeping, pain due to joint or nerve involvement, abdominal discomfort due to peptic ulcer or tumor, cardiopulmonary disease often leads to an increase in the number of awakenings, hyperthyroidism accompanied by palpitations, etc., all of which can cause insomnia. (2) Environmental factors: Insomnia can be caused by changes in work or life, such as night shifts, moving, jet lag in car, boat and air travel, as well as bright light and noise in the bed room. Generally can be adapted in a short period of time. (3) Mental factors: excitement and anxiety are the main factors of short-term insomnia, mainly difficulty in falling asleep; depression and anxiety are the main factors of long-term insomnia, mainly waking up from time to time and waking up too early in the morning, and EEG records can see a significant prolongation and increase of scattered waking periods; neurasthenia people are troubled by remembering various environmental stimuli heard or seen in each waking period, while normal people can mostly ignore them. In addition, elderly people with degenerative brain diseases also often have insomnia. (4) Drug factors: amphetamines, caffeine, ephedrine, aminophylline, isoprenaline, etc. can cause insomnia. Long-term use of general sleeping pills can often lead to a relative reduction in REM sleep, and nightmares can occur due to rebound after stopping the medication. 3, pseudo-insomnia Patients have sufficient sleep time, but often complain of sleep deprivation.