Patients with thoracic deformities often have high expectations of surgery, always hoping to obtain a completely normal thoracic appearance after surgery. However, such expectations are often unfulfilled. This is a misinterpretation of the nature of thoracic deformity surgery. Thoracic deformity is first a disease and then a morphological abnormality, so its surgery has two basic natures: one is surgery in the broad sense, and the other is plastic surgery. In the former case, the aim is the same as surgery in the usual sense, as long as the symptoms are eliminated, the goal is achieved. The symptoms of thoracic deformity are mainly compression of the heart and lungs. The surgery is very simple in order to remove the compression and make the symptoms disappear or be relieved. As long as the degree of deformity is relieved, the goal of eliminating the symptoms is basically achieved. This is the same as saying that the cure is complete. But for the latter, which is the nature of plastic surgery, it is not so simple. Patients often seek just the right amount of plastic surgery rather than just a cure, because many patients do not have obvious symptoms when they undergo surgery, at which point plastic surgery becomes the patient’s sole purpose. For any kind of thoracic deformity, the measure of plastic surgery results is the degree to which the deformity is eliminated. The closer to normal after surgery, the better the result. However, one thing must be clear, the doctor is a human being, not a god, it is impossible to make a miraculous work, so the post-operative thorax is almost impossible to be exactly the same as normal. This reality is something that the patient must accept. If the patient cannot face such a reality, he or she will fall into extreme disappointment and pain, and in serious cases, he or she may even become upset with the doctor. This is a very irrational behavior. When undergoing treatment, many patients confuse thoracic deformity surgery with cosmetic surgery. This is the root cause of some patients’ disappointment. Technically speaking, cosmetic surgery is a highly deceptive procedure that takes into account only the external appearance and can take no account of the deeper structures. The well-known breast augmentation surgery is such an operation. A breast deformity is an internal and external surgery, and it would be ideal if some effort could be made on the cosmetic side. However, the harsh reality is that the inside and the outside are often incompatible, and the cosmetic aspect may have to be sacrificed in order to get a more satisfactory treatment for the deformity of the chest.