Depending on the cause, traumatic optic neuropathy can be divided into two categories: direct and indirect injury. Direct injury is caused by ocular trauma directly affecting the optic nerve, such as sharp instruments or bullets protruding into the orbit, rupture of the optic nerve canal, or insertion of fracture fragments, all of which can directly injure the optic nerve, resulting in laceration and destruction of the optic nerve. Indirect injury to the optic nerve can also be caused by a large impulse generated at a distance during head or orbital trauma, which is transmitted to the optic nerve through the bones of the head or orbit or the rotation of the eyeball. The edema that inevitably follows optic nerve injury, the more severe compression of the swollen optic nerve within the limited bony canal, and the obstruction of arterial blood supply may exacerbate the indirect damage to the optic nerve. Injury can occur in any part of the optic nerve, but the incidence and severity of optic nerve contusion in the intracanal segment is the highest, which is related to the site of trauma and the anatomical characteristics of the optic nerve bony canal. The optic nerve travels through the narrow optic canal, and the optic nerve dura mater is closely connected to the surrounding bone wall. When a head injury occurs, especially when the supraorbital area is the point of impact, the impact and counter-impact forces that cause deformation of the bone can easily be transmitted to the optic nerve, resulting in a contusion.