Thalassemia is a hereditary disease with a clear family history. In addition to anemia, typical specific manifestations include hip-shaped head and easy fracture of long bones. 1. Thalassemia is an invisible genetic disease, and patients with severe thalassemia develop the disease in infancy and childhood. The main symptoms include anemia, hepatosplenomegaly with progressive aggravation, jaundice, and stunting. Special manifestations include breech head (large head, widened eye spacing, saddle nose, protruding forehead, protruding cheeks) and easy fracture of long bones. 2. The clinical manifestations of thalassemia minor are milder, with mild or asymptomatic anemia and slightly enlarged spleen. It is usually detected when the family history is checked. Specific diagnosis and treatment should be made under the guidance of a physician.