Introduction: Infants and young children due to the growth and development period, the immature development of various systems and organs, function is not perfect, especially the immune system is not functional, resistance is poor, the ability to adapt to the environment is weak, so the body’s various systems are vulnerable to various pathogens, inattentive will be sick, and most of them are caused by viral infections, so many parents are quite distressed. 1, children are susceptible to the first category of viruses for respiratory viruses, including measles virus, mumps virus, rubella virus, influenza virus, syncytial virus, adenovirus, etc. belong to this category. Measles is a highly contagious acute rash disease caused by measles virus; mumps virus is the culprit of mumps; rubella virus can cause rubella in children; other viruses mentioned above can lead to upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, capillary bronchitis, pneumonia after infection in children. Such viruses are mainly transmitted by droplets through the respiratory tract by inhalation. 2, enterovirus such as coxsackievirus, EV71 virus, rotavirus, the first two viruses are the most common pediatric infectious disease hand, foot and mouth disease “culprit”; and common fall diarrhea in children is often due to rotavirus infection. Such viruses are mainly transmitted by the fecal-oral route through the digestive tract. 3, herpes viruses such as herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, human cytomegalovirus, EBV, etc.. The herpes simplex virus can cause herpetic stomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, and in severe cases, encephalitis; varicella-zoster virus can cause varicella or herpes zoster two distinct clinical manifestations; cytomegalovirus is the most common pathogen of congenital infection, maternal infection can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta virus, infringing on the fetal nervous system, leading to stillbirth or miscarriage in severe cases. Mononucleosis is also a common lymphoproliferative disease in children. It can be said that viruses are everywhere in our lives, and it is theoretically impossible to avoid them completely. First of all, we should pay attention to environmental hygiene, ventilate the living room frequently, and go to public places as little as possible during virus epidemics. Secondly, children should be trained from an early age to develop good habits of cleanliness and hygiene. Wash your hands with running water and soap before and after meals or when you return from public places. In addition, it is important to pay attention to the timely washing and drying of children’s clothes and household items, a reasonable and scientific diet, and strengthening exercise. If a child has a fever with respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms, he or she may be suffering from a viral infection, and parents should take the child to a regular hospital in a timely manner.