In anemia, the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced, which can jeopardize the function of various systemic organs throughout the body. Do not wait until the clinical manifestations of anemia are evident before going to the hospital for consultation and treatment. In fact, many types of anemia can be prevented if you are aware of them early. Iron deficiency anemia: dietary prevention Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are mostly preventable. This type of anemia is most prevalent in women of childbearing age, pregnant women and infants, due to the fact that women lose more iron during menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth. Iron is also lost during breastfeeding. Infants need especially high amounts of iron from 3 months to 24 months after birth and are prone to iron deficiency anemia if iron is not supplemented in their diet. Once we know the people who are prone to iron deficiency anemia and the causes of its onset, it is easier to think of how to prevent iron deficiency anemia from occurring. For women with excessive menstruation, first of all, they should pay attention to the presence of gynecological diseases, go to the hospital to check to exclude diseases that cause excessive menstruation, such as uterine fibroids, and take appropriate iron supplements to avoid iron deficiency anemia caused by excessive iron loss. During the pregnancy period, women should pay attention to nutrition, especially they should eat foods rich in iron and folic acid. Iron-rich foods include: lean meat, animal offal (such as heart, liver, kidney, etc.), animal blood, soybean products, green leafy vegetables, etc. Generally speaking, animal foods are not only high in iron content and absorption rate, but also high in iron content and absorption rate in soybean, so these two types of foods are good foods to prevent iron deficiency. After the fourth month of pregnancy, blood and serum iron should be checked regularly, and iron should be supplemented in time if there is a deficiency. During the second trimester of pregnancy and during lactation, ferrous sulfate or other iron preparations can be taken orally daily to prevent the development of iron deficiency anemia. Infants from 3 months to 24 months should be reasonably fed, and breastfeeding and timely addition of complementary foods should be advocated. ”Aplastic anemia is a serious disease that is difficult to treat and often leads to death. The occurrence of aplastic anemia is mostly secondary and is often related to the following factors: (1) Drugs, especially chloramphenicol, the application of which is now greatly reduced, and the incidence of aplastic anemia has decreased significantly. (2) Chemicals. Modern industries are becoming more and more developed, and the pollution of harmful chemicals is becoming more and more serious. Such as benzene, toluene, dyes, quick-drying adhesives, solvents, etc. The longer the contact time with these harmful chemicals, the more likely aplastic anemia will occur. (3) Frequent exposure to radioactive substances also predisposes to aplastic anemia. For occupational workers who are exposed to harmful chemicals and radiation, it is necessary to prevent aplastic anemia. First of all, during the relevant production work, strengthen the propaganda and education, fully understand the danger of their toxicity, and strictly implement the protective measures for labor. When contact must be made, protective clothing should be worn, and inadvertent contamination of the skin should be promptly and thoroughly cleaned. Regular blood tests should be performed, and if there is any abnormality, you should leave the working environment in time to avoid further exposure to harmful chemicals and radiation to reduce the chance of aplastic anemia. Thalassemia: cut off the genetic pathway Thalassemia has a high incidence in the southern region of China, and this disease seriously affects people’s health and has become a eugenic problem; in order to feed and treat these patients, it also consumes a lot of human and material resources of the state and society, which is a very important economic burden. Therefore, prevention is far more important than treatment. The goal of prevention is to minimize the number of babies born with this disease. In order to achieve this goal, genetic counseling and prenatal screening can be used. (1) Genetic counseling: In areas with a high incidence of thalassemia, extensive awareness-raising efforts should be made to inform the public that intermarriage between carriers of the thalassemia gene should be avoided. Attention should be paid to these issues when choosing a spouse. The premarital physical examination should include the examination about this disease. (2) Prenatal examination: Pregnant women can be diagnosed prenatally by genetic analysis of amniotic fluid cells or chorionic villus cells. Recently, the DNA amplification method has been used, which is simple and can make the diagnosis quickly. If the fetus is found to have a severe form of thalassemia, the pregnancy is terminated early. Some diseases are often associated with anemia and should not be ignored. The common ones are digestive system diseases and urinary system diseases. (1) Digestive system diseases: Gastrointestinal bleeding is often caused by gastroduodenal ulcers, gastrointestinal tumors and other diseases that lead to iron deficiency anemia. In addition to treating the original disease, iron supplements should be provided for this type of disease. Folic acid and vitamin B12 should be supplemented for patients with major gastric resection to prevent nutritional anemia. (2) Urological diseases: Patients with renal insufficiency are prone to anemia due to insufficient erythropoietin production. Erythropoietin should be given to such patients to prevent the occurrence of anemia. For patients with nephritis and kidney stones, iron loss due to hematuria should be treated with appropriate iron supplementation to prevent iron deficiency anemia while treating the primary disease.