When the 24h urinary citrate excretion is less than 320mg, it is called low citrate urine. Since microorganisms can break down urinary citrate, the urine specimen to be measured should not be left for a long time to avoid low results. The role of hypocitraturia in the formation of calcium-containing kidney stones is gradually being recognized. The incidence of hypocitraturia in patients with urolithiasis ranges from 19% to 63%. A variety of etiologies can cause hypocitraturia, such as type I renal tubular acidosis, enterogenic hyperoxaluria, absorptive hypercalciuria and renal hypercalciuria, excessive animal protein intake, chronic diarrhea, and oral thiazide diuretics. Some studies reveal that kidney stones form in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism only in low citrate urine, and not in those with normal urinary citrate excretion. Treatment of distal, low-citraturic calcium oxalate stones and uric acid stones with or without calcium-containing stones. Potassium citrate has the following characteristics: it significantly reduces urinary calcium excretion and counteracts the lithogenic effect due to increased phosphate saturation caused by increased pH; it significantly increases citrate excretion; it is safer to use in patients with hypertension and heart disease because of the low potential for water and sodium retention; and the tablets do not contain sugar and are suitable for diabetic patients.