Inflammatory bowel disease is an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the intestine that can involve the ileum, colon, and rectum. The cause of the disease is not clear and may be related to congenital factors, acquired lifestyle habits, infectious factors, and immune factors. There are two main types of inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Ulcerative colitis mainly involves the rectum and extends to the whole colon. Crohn’s disease, on the other hand, mainly involves the end of the ileum and gradually extends to the perianal area of the colon. Symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease can include abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal masses, mucopurulent stools, and shortness of breath. Treatment is mainly anti-inflammatory using aminosalicylic acid preparations, while glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants play a role in immune regulation. In cases of intestinal fistula or intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, or large intestinal masses, surgical treatment is also indicated.