1.Bed exercise Immediately after the postoperative vital signs are stable, instruct the patient to start the following exercises. (1) Lift the chest during inhalation and restore it during exhalation. (2) Isometric contraction training of lower limb muscles, including quadriceps, femoral adductor and anterior tibial muscles of both lower limbs. Each muscle group should be contracted 15-30 times for 1 group, 3 groups/day. (3) The extension and flexion training of hip and knee joints and dorsiflexion and plantarflexion training of ankle and toe joints were performed in the second day after surgery. At the same time, straight leg elevation training of the affected limb was performed 3-6 times per day, with 30-70° elevation each time. (4) All the above training should be done in such a way that it does not cause obvious pain. 2.Early getting out of bed varies according to age, physical condition and surgical method. Generally, the principle is that turning in bed does not cause low back pain. When there is no obvious back pain when turning in bed, you can practice getting out of bed under the protection of waist circumference. The method is to turn the patient prone on the side of the bed, first help the patient to hang one leg on the side of the bed, and then directly change from prone position to upright position with the help of therapist or nurse, stand for 3-5min/time, 2-3 times/day. Be careful not to rotate the lower back during this process. Also pay attention to the occurrence of postural hypotension, you can let the patient slope to prone position for 30-45 degrees for a moment before helping the patient to get out of bed. 3.Walking activities After 1-2 d of getting out of bed, encourage walking activities with both hands on the bilateral iliac crest to increase the stability of the lumbar region, and gradually move from indoor to outdoor. Pay attention to prevent accidents. 4.Lumbar back muscle functional training According to the individual situation, generally start to exercise the lumbar back muscle in 1-2 weeks after surgery. The functional training of lumbar back muscle rehabilitation can be started in the 3d postoperative period. (1) Five-point support method: the patient lies on his back, using his head, both elbows and both foot roots as fulcrums, extending the lumbar back backward and making the back as empty as possible. (2) Three-point support method: the patient lies on his back with his upper limbs in front of his chest, using his head and the roots of his feet as fulcrums, extending the back of his waist and back, and making his back as free as possible. (3) Flying swallow: the patient lies prone, the two upper limbs are placed on both sides of the torso, at the beginning the two upper limbs are stretched back, the head and neck are stretched back, the chest leaves the bed, after learning the above actions, the patient is instructed to straighten the legs, put them together and lift them to the rear. Finally, the upper extremities, head and neck and lower extremities are coordinated, and only the abdomen is on the ground. The number of times from less to more, take the principle of gradual progress. 5.Exercise rehabilitation guidance before discharge (1) Long-term exercise: 3 months of lumbar circumference protection. After the rehabilitation of lumbar spondylosis, the patient can choose jogging, swimming, tai chi and other exercises according to his own situation. (2) Guidance on good posture in daily life: avoid bending at the waist as much as possible, and take the action of squatting before fetching things; when lifting things, you should also squat and then lift. When sitting on the sofa, the back of the waist should be cushioned to reduce the pressure on the lumbar spine. Heel height should be ≤ 3cm to reduce the burden on the waist. (3) exercise precautions: adhere to the exercise exercise 1-2 times / d, according to my actual situation to adjust the number of exercises and each group; each action with breathing, do not force breath; do to strengthen muscle strength exercise, the speed is smooth and slow; do to improve the function of the waist and leg exercise, the range of motion gradually increase, in order not to cause pain as degree. Adhere to lifelong exercise.