Artificial kidney refers to a kidney that is not the body’s own, i.e. kidney replacement therapy. It mainly refers to hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. In a broader sense, kidney transplantation can also be included. Nowadays, the research progress of artificial kidney has made some progress in miniaturization and biologization, but there is still some distance to clinical application. For example, portable artificial kidney machine, or even wearable artificial kidney machine. Biological artificial kidney is a living cell planted inside the dialysis machine to accomplish more complex functions. These give us hope for uremic patients.