China is a high prevalence area of hepatitis B. The rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity in pregnant women is around 5%, and it is estimated that there are 706,000 pregnant women with hepatitis B each year, of which 214,000 are pregnant women with hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) positivity, in which the virus replicates actively in the body and is highly infectious. As far as the current situation in China is concerned, the breastfeeding rate of healthy mothers at any 4-month period is about 80%, the breastfeeding rate of mothers with hepatitis B is only 40%, and the breastfeeding rate of mothers with HBeAg-positive hepatitis B is only 5%. The researchers conducted a systematic and comprehensive analysis of 32 published studies from around the world, and the results showed that 244 (4.32%) of 5650 infants delivered by hepatitis B mothers developed hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after receiving routine hepatitis B vaccination; of these, 114 (4.2%) of 2717 infants were breastfed, and 114 (4.2%) of 2933 infants were artificially breastfed, while only 1 (4.2%) of the 2,933 infants were artificially breastfed. Of these, 114 (4.2%) HBV infections occurred in 2717 infants who were breastfed and 130 (4.4%) HBV infections occurred in 2933 infants who were artificially fed. This result suggests that the proportion of HBV infections in breastfed and artificially fed infants was comparable; the probability of HBV infection in breastfed and artificially fed infants was similar regardless of whether the mothers were HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative. This is because the development of HBV infection in infants born to mothers with hepatitis B occurs most often in utero or at delivery, i.e., HBV infection usually occurs in most infants before the mother decides on how her infant will be fed. Therefore, breastfeeding does not increase the risk of HBV infection in infants born to mothers with hepatitis B, and mothers with hepatitis B can still breastfeed.