Normal people stand or sit, the lower limbs of the venous blood vessels are full, which is often referred to as “veins exposed”, this is because the blood vessels in the venous blood in addition to the pressure from the arterial end of the blood circulation, there is the height of the human body to form a column of water (column of blood) the pressure of the difference between the fall, usually the lower limbs of the venous blood vessels than the upper limbs of the bulge, this is a normal phenomenon. This is a normal phenomenon. After the body suffers a trauma, the whole body or local will release a lot of inflammatory factors, this is the body’s protective response, but, on the one hand, these factors stimulate the peripheral nerves to release pain signals, on the other hand, lead to the balance of the exchange of fluids inside and outside the blood vessels is out of balance, resulting in excessive fluid infiltration into the tissue interstitial space, and ultimately lead to the extremity of the swelling. If the swelling is not eliminated in time, it will affect the blood circulation and nutrient supply of the limb, which will ultimately affect trauma repair and healing. Severe swelling of the limb can affect the blood supply if the pressure in the tissues approaches the arterial blood pressure, making the limb ischemic, which can result in severe disability of the limb. After trauma patients often have a long time to bed rest, the lower limbs are at the same level as the heart, the pressure of the water column (blood column) fall formed by the height of the body is zero, the resistance of the blood circulation in the lower limbs is small, the circulation rate is slowed down, which is one of the reasons why the lower limbs are prone to the formation of deep vein thrombosis. Prolonged lying position, limb activity is reduced, muscle contraction makes the role of blood reflux reduced or even basically disappeared, the veins of the lower limbs adapted to the state of low venous pressure, the elasticity of the blood vessels is reduced, and the function of valves in the veins is reduced, although it can maintain good blood circulation when lying down. However, once standing up from a long lying bed, the filling of the blood vessels of the lower limbs suddenly increases, and the return velocity cannot adapt to the increased blood flow, so that part of the blood is stagnated in the veins and lack of oxygen, which is manifested by the lower limbs becoming purplish, and the patient will feel the swelling of both calves. When the limbs are in this state for a slightly longer period of time, the blood in the small veins cannot return normally to the large venous vessels, the venous pressure rises, and so does the pressure in the capillaries, and the water seeps into the extravascular tissues, and the limbs become swollen and thickened. Generally, the above phenomenon occurs when the patient gets off the floor after being bedridden for more than 2-3 weeks, which is in fact a common situation, and the patient and his family don’t have to worry too much. As long as repeated training under the guidance of the doctor, blood vessels will soon adapt to this state. Each time you get out of bed to practice the time is not too long, feel the swelling of the legs that is lying in bed, cushion pillows or quilts to elevate the lower limbs, to be swelling disappears in the ground, each time to gradually extend the time to the ground, the number of times a day to the ground gradually increased. In the evening of the first few days, the calves and feet may be swollen and thickened because of daytime activities, but the swelling will subside in the morning of the second day. If the swelling persists, there is a possibility of deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs. Venous thrombosis can directly block the veins, and in addition, the venous valves can be damaged, and the valves can not be closed tightly, resulting in incomplete valve closure, and the blood flow is reversed from the two pendulous valves down between the two valves and the blood pools up in the lower limbs, leading to the limbs appearing to be swollen. At this point, you should go to the hospital in time for examination, otherwise this fracture complication can have serious consequences. Due to improper treatment or untimely treatment also often cause the swelling of the lower limbs to be delayed, the course of the disease is long, and not healed. This condition is still mainly caused by blood clots blockage resulting in poor blood reflux, if not treated in time, new blood clots may form in the long term, so for leg swelling caused by venous thrombosis of the lower limbs, it is recommended that the patient actively anticoagulant thrombolytic therapy. Be sure to receive treatment from an experienced doctor, generally based on drug therapy, commonly used drugs such as aspirin, low molecular heparin and so on. In addition to medication, physical rehabilitation for limb swelling is also very important and can be used in conjunction with medication to improve efficacy and shorten the course of treatment. ” RICE ” principle and active training is the main content of limb swelling rehabilitation treatment. “RICE” refers to the 4 principles of prevention and treatment of limb swelling, namely rest, ice, compression and elevation. “RICE” is composed of the first letters of the above four English words. 1, rest: the first thing to do in post-traumatic treatment is rest, that is, rest, limiting the activities of the traumatized limb in order to reduce bleeding, slow down limb swelling and pain, and prevent the injury from worsening. This is not a problem for patients with post-traumatic fracture, as one movement will cause pain. It is worth mentioning that many post-traumatic fracture patients, most people think that there is no fracture is not a problem, do not know, there is no fracture, but there are ligament injuries, also need to be correctly handled, for the lower extremity weight-bearing joints in particular. Clearly ligament injury, should be fixed with a plaster, strict stop 3 weeks, waiting for the healing of the damaged tissue repair, otherwise there will be frequent pain, and often easy to sprain again, it would be more difficult to treat, this is the most common is the sprain of the ankle joint. 2, ice: literally means ice, that is, ice packs. Ice can strengthen the collagen fibers, so that the local vasoconstriction, reduce re-bleeding; relaxation of traumatized limb muscles; local anesthesia, pain relief; anti-inflammatory, reduce the local metabolic rate, change the reaction process of the tissues, reduce the local inflammation caused by redness, swelling, heat and pain. Ice packs can minimize limb swelling and pain. The use of ice packs should try to maintain the temperature at 0 ℃, to avoid frostbite or can not play the role of ice. Each ice 15-30 minutes, can be used repeatedly, until the disappearance of local pain. 3, pressure bandage: is the affected limb pressure bandage, on the one hand, can make the internal pressure of the injured tissue increase, promote small blood vessel closure, reduce bleeding; on the other hand, can reduce oozing, reduce limb swelling. The fabric with elasticity (elastic bandage, knee pads, ankle pads, etc.) wrapped in the injury site or gauze directly pressurized bandage on the affected limb. Wrapping has a certain degree of skill, must be used “face” pressure technology, so that the entire affected limb everywhere uniform pressure, and the right amount of tension, too loose to achieve the effect, too tight will affect the blood supply of the limb. In addition, do not form a strip. Sometimes wound bleeding condenses on the dressing, which can also cause cord-like compression, and must be replaced in a timely manner. Pressurized bandage should pay attention to observe the blood supply of the distal limb, if there is numbness, spasm or pain aggravation, indicating that the bandage is too tight, it should be immediately loosened. 4, elevate the affected limb: that is, elevate the affected limb, is an important measure to reduce swelling. Venous return is affected by gravity, but of course it is also related to the body’s circulatory resistance. If the position of the limb is lower than the plane of the heart, the venous return has to overcome the double resistance of circulatory resistance and gravity, which is not conducive to the elimination of swelling. Therefore, the affected limb should be placed above the plane of the heart, so that gravity is transformed into a dynamic factor to promote the elimination of swelling. Active training is important for eliminating limb swelling. It includes plyometric training of the traumatized limb and appropriate joint mobilization. Post-traumatic braking and elevation of the affected limb can result in poor venous and lymphatic return and stagnant circulation in the extremities, especially the lower limbs, and these negative factors are not conducive to the absorption of swelling. The muscle contraction and limb movement of active training can promote venous and lymphatic return, thus promoting swelling reduction. Of course, the importance and benefits of active training go far beyond this. Other measures to reduce swelling include a variety of physical therapy treatments. Physical therapy increases the densification of blood vessel walls, decreases the permeability of cell membranes, reduces further leakage, and promotes the elimination of swelling. Physical therapy can also improve blood and lymphatic circulation, increase the absorption of necrotic tissue, bacteria and cellular residues, and remove potassium ions, histamine, serotonin, various hydrolytic enzymes and bradykinin in a timely manner, thus eliminating swelling. In addition, traditional Chinese medicine has unique efficacy in eliminating post-injury limb swelling, and medical practitioners of all generations have accumulated rich experience. Eight Immortals’ Prolongation Soup is a classic formula: 15g of Suye, 15g of Aiye, 12g of Turbinate, 12g of Chuanjiaomu, 15g of Ginger, 12g of Gui Zhi, 9g of Safflower, 9g of Zephyr, 12g of Wilson’s Fairy, 12g of Elongation, 12g of Boneset, 9g of Cynarin, 12g of Cynomorium, 9g of Sedum, 9g of Sedum. Decoction of decoction and fumigation of the affected area, 2~3 times a day, 30~45min each time.