(Disclaimer: This article is for general use only. To protect patient privacy, the information in the following content has been processed.) Abstract: A 13-day-old premature infant presented with a rash. After examination, he was diagnosed with eczema of prematurity. Considering the small size of the child, he was not treated with medication and his parents were instructed to take care of him at home and observe him closely. After 2 weeks of parental care, the eczema improved significantly and there was no other discomfort. The treatment period: 2 weeks of home care followed by outpatient visit [Treatment effect]: normal feeding, no abnormal crying, rash improved, better mental status. After communication with the mother, she learned that her newborn was born in our obstetrics department at 36 weeks of gestation, weighing 2510g at birth, with an Apgar score of 10-10 and normal amniotic fluid, placenta and umbilical cord. The baby is currently exclusively breastfed with 7-8 feeds per day, drinking normal milk and having normal bowel movements. In the last 2 days, a rash started to appear on the child’s body. The child came to the clinic because he was born recently and his birth weight was low. The child was examined and found to be mentally and responsive, with strong heart sounds, soft abdomen, no abdominal distension, and normal neurological reflexes. The initial diagnosis was eczema of prematurity. Although the child was born prematurely at 36 weeks, he was in relatively good physical condition in all aspects. However, in view of the small size of the child, it was decided not to treat him with drugs. After talking with the mother, she agreed not to use medication and asked the mother to pay attention to daily care and to give a comfortable body temperature. Since the weather was getting cooler in autumn when the child was seen, and the body temperature of preterm infants is relatively weak, the mother was advised to keep the child warm while ensuring a comfortable body temperature, but not too thickly wrapped, and to make sure the environment was ventilated. In addition, because of the dry weather in autumn, it is important to apply more emollient lotion to protect the child’s skin. The main criteria for choosing emollient lotion is to become simple and have few additives, so as to prevent the child’s skin from being irritated by complex ingredients or more additives. After the delivery, the mother of the child was asked to come back to the clinic for a review in 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the child came to the clinic for a follow-up examination. At this time, it was found that the eczema condition of the child was significantly improved, with a better mental state, no fever, calm breathing and no screaming or convulsions. On physical examination, we found that the child was still mentally and responsive, with stable breathing, strong heart sounds, a soft abdomen and no abdominal distention, a flat and soft fontanelle, and normal neurological reflexes. We communicated with the parents of the child, and they reported that the child’s milk intake had increased compared with the previous one, his stools were normal twice a day, and his weight had increased to a certain extent. We were satisfied with the overall situation of the child’s recovery, so we asked the parents to continue to pay attention to the usual observation and skin care, and to consult the doctor if there is any discomfort. We are glad that the child has recovered well from the rash without medication, and all symptoms have improved. However, since this child was born prematurely, the developmental status of all systems is weak compared to that of a full-term infant. Therefore, during home care, parents should pay close attention to all signs, including whether the body temperature is abnormal, whether the amount of milk eaten is up to standard, whether the desire to eat milk is reduced, whether indigestion, diarrhea, vomiting and other symptoms occur, and also pay attention to whether the child has respiratory infections, shortness of breath, dyspnea and other symptoms due to the delicate respiratory tract. Parents should also pay attention to whether the child has respiratory infections, shortness of breath, shortness of breath and other symptoms due to a delicate airway. Parents should also pay attention to the child’s neurological symptoms, including the presence of abnormal screaming and body shaking and other abnormal physical activities. In general, the developmental status of preterm infants is weaker than that of full-term infants, especially the manifestation of various systemic symptoms, which will be manifested one after another after birth. In this case, as a preterm infant, the relative deficiency was found in the skin, resulting in eczema, but the eczema was controlled without medication because the parents were more cooperative and compliant. In addition, preterm infants are prone to infections because of their lower immune system. Many preterm infants get their infections from their surroundings, so if the parents are not in good health, they should not have too close contact with their preterm infants to avoid any discomfort or infection.