The causes of acute respiratory failure can be summarized into five areas: 1) respiratory tract disorders; 2) lung tissue diseases; 3) pulmonary vascular conditions; 4) thoracic disorders; and 5) neurological or other diseases involving the respiratory muscles. Problems in these five areas may lead to respiratory distress or respiratory failure, so the cause of respiratory failure should be actively addressed and treated. Clinically, children with increased respiration, changes in breathing depth and rhythm, nasal flapping, positive suction concave sign, cyanosis, confusion, or cramping should be treated nearby actively and formally. In children with acute respiratory failure, it is important to keep the airway open as much as possible. General oxygen therapy includes nasal cannula oxygen or mask oxygen, giving sputum inhalation and nebulization. If the problem is not solved, early intubation and ventilator-assisted breathing are required. During this process, active anti-infective treatment is required, in addition to maintaining water-electrolyte balance, so that the child is out of danger as soon as possible and mortality is reduced.