A child is diagnosed with dwarfism when his or her height is less than 2 standard deviations or less than 3 percentile of the height of a normal child of the same age, sex, region, or race, and the growth rate in childhood is less than 4 cm for 1 year.
I. Etiology.
1. Endocrine diseases.
Pituitary sex, thyroid function, precocious puberty, etc.
2. Chromosomal disorders.
Such as Turner syndrome in girls, etc.
3, skeletal disorders.
Chondrodysplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, nephropathy, rickets, etc.
4, Intrauterine growth retardation.
Maternal diseases, placental abnormalities, infections, genetic abnormalities, etc.
5. Idiopathic short stature.
The cause is currently unknown and unrecognized.
II. Diagnosis.
Height, medical history, physical examination.
Laboratory tests: wrist xQ film, cranial imaging for pituitary size and occupancy; thyroid function, growth hormone stimulation test; insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 test; and chromosomal, adrenal ultrasound, liver and kidney function, blood glucose and other tests.
III. Treatment.
Define the cause of the disease and treat it correctly. The younger the age, the better the effect.
1. Growth hormone therapy can be used for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, intrauterine growth retardation, idiopathic dwarfism and other causes. Generally, the height growth is 7~14 cm|year after medication, which is checked once in 3 months; it can last until epiphyseal fusion. Pay attention to check thyroid function, thyroxine supplementation if necessary, etc.
2.Surgical treatment is used for children with closed epiphysis, but it is painful and risky, and is not advocated at present.
3.Rational nutrition, moderate exercise and sufficient sleep are necessary to promote growth and development.