Routine urine leukocytes is an important item in routine urine tests. There are two items related to leukocytes: one is the stem chemical leukocyte esterase and the other is the number of leukocytes in it, or the number of leukocytes seen under the microscope. If the leukocyte esterase is positive and a large number of leukocytes are also seen microscopically, it is usually common to see inflammation of the urinary system and its adjacent organs. Inflammation of the urinary system is a relatively common clinical condition, and when inflammation is present the urine has an increased number of leukocytes that can be seen microscopically, along with a more or less increased number of red blood cells. The patient has the appropriate clinical symptoms and the clinician can diagnose inflammation of the urinary system. If the leukocyte esterase is positive, but the number of leukocytes or the number of leukocytes under the microscope is normal, it is usually seen in the contamination of urine specimens, especially in female patients, who are prone to contamination from vaginal secretions, resulting in a false positive leukocyte esterase, and patients need not worry.