What complications are likely to occur in chronic kidney disease patients on long-term dialysis? Chronic kidney failure can lead to dysfunction of several organs in the whole body. Firstly, the decrease of kidney function can easily cause swelling and hypertension. Secondly, the kidney is an endocrine organ, and although the kidney function can be replaced by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis at present, it cannot replace the endocrine function of the kidney; therefore, the endocrine function of kidney failure patients will lead to many complications, such as anemia and renal bone disease, after the endocrine function is reduced. Currently, anemia can be effectively treated with erythropoietin; however, renal bone disease is more difficult to treat and has a particularly great impact on patients’ quality of life, which can lead to disability and death. Therefore, I have devoted a great deal of effort to studying the prevention and treatment of renal bone disease. The treatment of renal bone disease involves disorders of calcium and phosphorus mineral metabolism, regulation of parathyroid hormone and treatment, in addition to some cardiovascular complications caused by bone disease, such as cardiovascular calcification. What are the symptoms of patients with renal osteopathy? It is a very insidious disease, with no symptoms in the early stages, and usually needs to be detected by laboratory tests. If the patient’s blood calcium level decreases, blood phosphorus level increases, and parathyroid hormone level increases, then the initial diagnosis of early renal bone disease, secondary hyperparathyroidism (hyperparathyroidism) can be made, and the patient usually does not have any symptoms at this time. When the patient develops symptoms such as bone pain, itchy skin, lack of muscle strength and weight loss, it indicates that the hyperparathyroidism has reached an advanced stage and the condition is very serious. What are the risks of renal bone disease? Renal bone disease (usually secondary hyperparathyroidism) can cause skeletal deformities and height regression in patients, who can shrink from 1.75 meters to about 1.5 meters in height. Height regression is mainly manifested by compression fractures of the spine and shortening of the thorax, which can lead to cardiopulmonary insufficiency, cardiovascular calcification, hypotension, heart failure and even death of the patient. How long does dialysis usually lead to renal bone disease? There are some patients with stage 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease who develop nephrogenic bone disease before doing dialysis. But most patients will develop renal bone disease after three to five years of regular dialysis. If the patient’s dialysis treatment is more adequate and the condition is well controlled, renal bone disease may appear only after about ten years. It is important to emphasize here that professional dialysis treatment will avoid the premature arrival of various complications.