Most of the pain and swelling of the uterus during menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon and is usually caused by dysmenorrhea. This is because during menstruation, the hormone level in the body changes and the estrogen and progesterone levels are higher, plus the prostaglandin level increases during menstruation, which can lead to excessive contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus causing vascular spasm and causing dysmenorrhea. This kind of dysmenorrhea is primary and does not require special treatment. If the dysmenorrhea is serious, you can drink brown sugar and ginger water to relieve the symptoms of dysmenorrhea and apply hot compresses to the abdomen. If the dysmenorrhea is more severe during menstruation, or if there is progressive aggravation of dysmenorrhea, it may be caused by gynecological diseases, such as adenomyosis, fibroids, etc. In this case, we must go to the hospital for examination to identify the cause and then target treatment, most cases require surgery.