Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a treatment method to improve myocardial perfusion by unblocking the lumen of narrowed or even occluded coronary arteries via cardiac catheterization techniques. I. Percutaneous coronary balloon angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary stenting The first successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed by Gruentizig in September 1977, and the first coronary stent was placed into the human body by Sigwart in 1986. In 1999, the first generation of drug-eluting stents (DES) was introduced, reducing the risk of target vessel restenosis to less than 10% during the 1-year follow-up period. 2000 saw the first use of bioresorbable stents (BRS) in humans and their clinical evaluation. These stents degrade completely within 2-3 years after implantation, eventually restoring the natural shape and diastolic function of the vessel, and are a promising new generation of stents, but have their own shortcomings to overcome. On the basis of optimal drug therapy, the coronary interventionalist establishes the access of the device to and from the vessel by puncturing the radial artery at the wrist, passes a thin wire slightly thicker than a hair (0.014 inch in diameter) through the coronary stenosis, then feeds a balloon catheter along the wire to dilate the stenotic lesion, and finally places a stent to relieve the stenotic lesion in the coronary artery and stabilize the plaque. In severe calcified coronary artery lesions, rotational atherectomy is almost indispensable for the successful completion of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In some severe stenoses with severe calcification or fibrosis, the balloon may not be able to pass through the lesion or the lesion may be difficult to dilate, which not only makes the immediate results of the procedure unsatisfactory, but also increases the rate of long-term restenosis and increases the risk of procedural complications. The rotary catheter carries an oval-shaped tip made of brass with a nickel coating and a distal surface encrusted with 2,000 to 3,000 microdiamonds, 20 microns in size, which protrude only 5 microns from the nickel-coated surface. The main unit is driven by nitrogen gas through the diamond-coated rotary grinding head, which rotates at a high speed of 160,000 to 190,000 revolutions per minute, grinding the non-elastic tissue of the plaque into 5-10 micron particles that are flushed away with the blood flow, maintaining the integrity of the normal vessel wall tissue. It can improve the immediate results of the procedure, increase the success rate of the procedure, reduce the incidence of complications, and potentially reduce the rate of distant restenosis, making it a valuable clinical adjunct to interventional therapy. The majority of cardiac interventional centers in China and abroad are not as well versed in this technology. The coronary intervention team of our cardiovascular department has mastered this technique, is comfortable with it, and has a lot of insights, which can be readily applied to the PCI procedure. Intracoronary thrombus aspiration The thrombus is extracted from the coronary artery using a suction catheter with negative pressure. It is used for thrombotic lesions or saphenous vein bridge vascular lesions. 4.Cutting balloon angioplasty is to install 3-4 micro blades on the balloon longitudinally, and when the balloon starts to expand, the blades cut the hyperplastic tissue at the stenosis into 3-4 parts, and then the balloon fully expands the lesion. It is mainly used for in-stent restenosis lesions or lesions with predominantly fibrous tissue growth. Percutaneous coronary intervention is performed while the patient is awake and requires only local anesthesia, resulting in minimal trauma and rapid recovery. PCI not only improves the patient’s angina symptoms and quality of life, but also improves cardiac function and prolongs survival. The key factors that determine the quality of the procedure are the correct choice of interventional strategy, the selection of appropriate surgical instruments, the operator’s excellent surgical skills and the ability to handle critical cardiac emergencies. The indications for coronary intervention are: 1. Patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease with a large range of myocardial ischemia. 2, High-risk patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, early intervention is advocated. 3, Patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction should have early opening of the infarct-related vessels to save the dying myocardium as much as possible, reduce the risk of death in the acute phase and improve the long-term prognosis of patients.