Cardiac surgery is an emerging discipline that started in the 1950s. With the development of medicine, not only are cardiac surgical techniques becoming more mature, but the rise of interventional therapies and other treatments has brought unprecedented challenges to cardiac surgery. It is in this light that a new branch of cardiac surgery, “minimally invasive cardiac surgery”, has emerged and developed, using surgical methods different from traditional cardiac surgery to reduce surgical trauma, speed up patient recovery and reduce medical costs. Any surgical operation will inevitably bring certain trauma to the body, and minimizing surgical trauma under the premise of guaranteeing therapeutic efficacy is in fact a topic that has been accompanied by the development of the entire surgical science. As early as the 4th century B.C., Hippocrates, the founder of Western medicine, put forward in his collection of writings that “medical intervention should first of all be as non-invasive as possible; otherwise the therapeutic effect can be worse than the natural course of the disease.” Over the centuries, with the development of surgery, many principles of anesthesia and surgical procedures have been established, such as the invention of the ultimate painless anesthesia and the promotion of the principle of gentle surgical procedures, which are all permeated by the concept of “minimally invasive” surgery. As a latecomer to the medical scene, the young cardiac surgery has been rapidly evolving from its inception, drawing on these basic surgical concepts. In the last decade, society has undergone profound changes, and people’s attitudes have also changed dramatically. Due to the fear of surgical trauma, a considerable number of patients would rather accept interventional therapy or even internal conservative treatment, which may be slightly less effective. At the same time, from the medical authorities’ point of view, it is very much hoped that the cost of cardiac surgery can be lowered to minimize the medical expenses as much as possible. It is in this context that the concept of “minimally invasive cardiac surgery” has been gradually recognized by cardiac surgeons and society as a whole. While the traditional concept of cardiac surgery is “big surgery with big incisions”, one of the starting points of “minimally invasive cardiac surgery” is to shorten the length of the surgical incision as much as possible, which is known as a micro-incision, or to change the access route so that the incision is more hidden and aesthetically pleasing. The Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Ningbo Li Huili Hospital has been following the trend of the times since its establishment in the 1990s, and the technique of “small incision” has become more and more mature. Valve replacement for various congenital heart diseases and some rheumatic heart diseases through small incisions in the lateral chest has become a routine operation. The avoidance of extracorporeal circulation is another prominent manifestation of minimally invasive cardiac surgery in recent years. Coronary artery bypass grafting under non-corporeal circulation and endoluminal isolation of aortic coarctation have become the representative procedures of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery, and have been routinely performed at Lee Wai Lee Hospital for many years. In recent years, with the development of endoluminal interventional medicine and imaging medicine, another minimally invasive cardiovascular surgical technique has emerged, which is the “one-stop hybridization” procedure. The traditional concept of “hybrid” cardiac surgery was proposed by Angelini in 1996. In short, it is the simultaneous or sequential use of surgical and interventional techniques to treat various heart diseases. The artificial blood vessel replacement with intraoperative stenting for severe aortic coarctation and the ablation of atrial fibrillation during valve replacement for rheumatic heart disease, which are performed at Lee Wai Lee Hospital, are examples of this type of “hybrid” surgery. Unlike the above “hybrid” surgeries, “one-stop hybrid” surgeries have a special operating room where both imaging and conventional cardiac surgery can be performed at the same time, so there is no need to transfer patients between the imaging department and the operating room several times, and all operations can be completed in the same operating room, which makes it possible to perform all operations at the same time. Instead of having to transfer patients between the imaging department and the operating room, all operations can be completed in the same operating room, thus avoiding the risks associated with multiple anesthesia and patient transfers. More importantly, in such a “one-stop” operating room, the efficacy of the operation can be evaluated immediately, thus guiding the implementation of the operation. One of the concepts of “hybrid” surgery is the use of interventional devices by surgeons to treat heart disease after the chest has been opened. The continuous improvement and development of interventional devices is one of the main drivers for the future of “one-stop hybridization”. The cardiac surgeon is the protagonist of the “one-stop hybridization” procedure. Since the interventional device is used after the chest is opened, the surgeon’s unique ability to operate under direct vision is well demonstrated, and even a series of malformations that are not eligible for conventional interventional therapy can be treated with interventional techniques. For example, in the case of a large central atrial septal defect with weak margins, the umbrella can be implanted intraoperatively and then sutured and fixed on the right atrial surface. Secondly, after opening the chest, we can perform conventional surgical treatments for the combined heart disease at the same time, such as ligation of arterial catheterization and body-pulmonary bypass. Ideally, a “one-stop” operating room should have a variety of imaging equipment, including a C-arm X-ray machine for cardiovascular imaging and a cardiac ultrasound system. However, there are not many operating rooms that are equipped with the above conditions. However, a high-resolution cardiac ultrasound system is essential for any “one-stop” operating room. In recent years, Lee Wai Lee Hospital has invested heavily in some of the necessary equipment and has gradually developed “one-stop hybrid” surgery, which is mainly for congenital atrial septal defects of all ages, and is performed under the guidance of cardiac ultrasound. Patients not only have smaller incisions of 3~4 centimeters, but also avoid extracorporeal circulation, and receive very satisfactory results.