Children with pediatric congenital nephrotic syndrome have a special appearance: after birth, special appearance is common, such as low nasal bridge, wide eye spacing, low ears, wide cranial suture, wide fontanelle and posterior fontanelle, and also common hip, knee and elbow are flexed deformity. Later, abdominal distention, ascites, and umbilical hernia are common. What is the prevention associated with the symptoms of flexion deformity of the hip, knee and elbow? It is clear that this syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder, and genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis should be emphasized. The concentration of AFP in fetal blood reaches its peak at 13 weeks of gestation, and when proteinuria occurs in the fetus, AFP enters the amniotic fluid with the urine protein, so prenatal diagnosis is often made by testing the concentration of AFP in amniotic fluid. In pregnant women who have delivered a child with this disease, AFP in amniotic fluid can be used for prenatal diagnosis at 11 to 18 weeks of gestation. In recent years, research on the NpHSI gene sequence has made it possible to make a definitive prenatal diagnosis. In cases secondary to various infections, prevention should be actively pursued by strengthening prevention and control health promotion, pregnancy care and prenatal examination, etc. In the differentiation, we should first exclude secondary cases with known etiology, because treatment of the primary disease (e.g. anti-syphilis treatment secondary to syphilis) can be expected to alleviate the nephropathy. In combination with other clinical and laboratory manifestations of the primary disease itself, the diagnosis can be clarified. Drash’s syndrome should be considered in young infants with unexplained nephrotic syndrome with external genital abnormalities. This syndrome, reported by Drash in 1970, presents as a renal embryonal tumor (Wilm tumor), male pseudohermaphroditism, and renal involvement (which may present as a nephrotic syndrome); some cases have only a dichotomous presentation. The renal pathology is characterized by diffuse glomerulonephritis (diffusemesangialsclerosis) and tubular atrophy, with lesions in the superficial glomeruli of the renal cortex more than in the proximal medulla.