Bladder cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the urinary system. It is divided into non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and muscle invasive bladder cancer according to the depth of tumor infiltration, and because of the different biological behaviors of bladder tumors in different stages, the clinical treatments are different. Treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer belongs to superficial bladder tumor and accounts for most of the bladder tumors. Treatment mainly includes transurethral surgery combined with postoperative adjuvant therapy. The commonly used transurethral surgery includes transurethral resection of bladder tumor and transurethral laser surgery for bladder tumor; postoperative adjuvant therapy includes immediate postoperative bladder perfusion chemotherapy, early postoperative bladder perfusion chemotherapy and maintenance perfusion chemotherapy, and the commonly used perfusion drugs include mitomycin, epirubicin, hydroxycamptothecin, etc. The duration of postoperative maintenance bladder perfusion is usually 6-12 months, which can significantly reduce the recurrence rate of bladder tumors. Treatment of muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer: muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer is a progressive bladder tumor, and treatment includes radical cystectomy, bladder-preserving surgery and urinary diversion surgery. Radical cystectomy can be performed by traditional open surgery or laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery is less invasive and faster recovery, and is now gradually becoming the mainstream treatment method. A bladder-preserving procedure is a partial cystectomy, which can be used to treat patients who cannot clinically tolerate radical surgery. Urinary diversion surgery is urinary drainage after cystectomy and includes ureteral abdominal wall stoma or bowel substitution cystectomy.