When suffering from the symptoms of fingerprint wrinkles, what tests are needed, the following to understand: The incubation period of the disease is short a few hours, long 3 to 6 days, generally 1 to 3 days. Classical biotype and O139 group Vibrio cholerae caused by the disease, the symptoms are more serious, Elto biotype Vibrio cholerae caused by more mild symptoms, asymptomatic carriers of the pathogen is also more. Typical patients have sudden onset. A few patients can have dizziness, weakness or mild diarrhea and other symptoms 1 to 2 days before the onset of the disease. 1. The disease course can be divided into 3 stages in typical cases. 1) Diarrhea phase: starts with violent diarrhea followed by vomiting. Generally no fever, only a few have low fever. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is the first symptom of disease onset, characterized by no feeling of urgency, most of them are not accompanied by abdominal pain, and they feel a sense of lightness after defecation. A few patients have vague abdominal pain, and individual cases may have paroxysmal abdominal cramps. The stool is yellow and thin at first, then watery, with yellow watery stool being the most common. In severe cases of diarrhea, white cloudy “rice slop”-like stools are excreted. Those with intestinal bleeding discharge flesh-washing water-like stools. Those with more bleeding have tarry stools, and those caused by Vibrio cholerae of the Elto biotype are more common. The number of diarrhea varies from several to tens of times a day, and in severe cases, the stool is incontinent. ②Vomiting: generally occurs after diarrhea, not accompanied by nausea, mostly jet vomiting. The vomit is initially food in the stomach, followed by watery, or in severe cases, “rice slop”-like vomit, similar in nature to feces. In mild cases, there may be no vomiting. 2) Dehydration phase: Due to the intense vomiting and diarrhea, a large amount of water and electrolytes are lost in the body, resulting in dehydration, electrolyte disorders and metabolic acidosis, and in severe cases, circulatory failure. The duration of this period depends on whether the treatment is timely and correct or not. It usually lasts from a few hours to 2 to 3 days. ① Dehydration: It can be divided into three degrees: mild, moderate and severe. In mild dehydration, dry skin and mucous membrane, poor skin elasticity, general water loss of about 1000ml, 70-80mL/kg body weight in children; in moderate dehydration, poor skin elasticity, sunken eye sockets, mild hoarseness, decreased blood pressure and urine volume, loss of water of 3000-3500ml. 80-100ml/kg body weight in children; in severe dehydration, dry wrinkled skin, no In severe dehydration, the skin is dry and wrinkled, there is no elasticity, the voice is hoarse, and the “cholera face” of sunken eyes, deep sunken cheeks, and indifference or confusion can be seen. If circulatory failure and acidosis occur, they can be life-threatening if not actively resuscitated. Patients with severe dehydration are dehydrated about 4000ml, children 100-120ml/kg body weight. ②Circulatory failure: It is a water loss shock caused by severe water loss. Clinical manifestations: When the blood volume is significantly reduced, there is syncopal coldness of the extremities, a fine and rapid pulse, or even not palpable, and a drop in blood pressure or not measurable. Subsequently, due to the lack of blood supply to the brain, the brain is deprived of oxygen and the consciousness is impaired, starting with irritability, followed by dullness, drowsiness and even coma. (iii) Uremic acidosis: clinical manifestations are increased respiration, and in severe cases, in addition to Kussmaul respiration, there may be impairment of mental consciousness, such as drowsiness, dullness of sensation or even coma. Muscle spasm: This is the loss of large amounts of salt due to vomiting and diarrhea, and severe hyponatremia causes spasm of the gastrocnemius and rectus abdominis muscles. Clinical manifestations are pain and muscle tonicity at the spasm site. ⑤ Hypokalemia: diarrhea causes a large loss of potassium salts, and blood potassium can be significantly reduced. Clinical manifestations are reduced muscle tone, weakened or absent knee reflex, abdominal distension, and may also occur. 3) Recovery period or reaction period: After diarrhea stops and dehydration is corrected, most patients’ symptoms disappear, urine output increases and physical strength gradually recovers. However, there are a few cases that due to the improvement of blood circulation, the endotoxin remaining in the intestinal cavity is absorbed into the blood stream, which can cause fever of varying severity, and generally the patient’s body temperature is as high as 38-39℃, which lasts for 1 to 3 days and then subsides on its own. 2, clinical types According to the degree of water loss, blood pressure and urine volume, it can be divided into three types: mild, moderate and severe. 1) Light: slow onset, diarrhea not more than 10 times/d, thin stool or thin watery stool, usually not accompanied by vomiting, recovery after 3 to 5 days of continuous diarrhea. No obvious dehydration manifestations. 2) Medium-sized (typical): typical diarrhea and vomiting symptoms, diarrhea up to 10-20 times / d. Watery or “rice slop” like stool, large amount. As a result, there are obvious signs of water loss. Blood pressure decreases, systolic blood pressure is only 9.31-12kPa (70-90mmHg), urine volume decreases, urine volume is 500ml/24h or less. 3) Heavy: In addition to the typical diarrhea and vomiting symptoms, the patient has severe water loss and thus circulatory failure. It is manifested by a fine and rapid or non-palpable pulse and a marked decrease in blood pressure, with a systolic blood pressure below 9.31kPa (70mmHg) or not measurable. Urine output is 50mL/24h or less. In addition to the above three clinical types, there is a rare fulminant or toxic form, also known as “dry cholera” (cholera sicca). This type has a rapid onset, and before the onset of diarrhea and vomiting symptoms, it rapidly goes into toxic shock and dies.