Surgery is the preferred treatment method for rectal cancer patients and has the best effect. (1) Whether to choose “open” surgery or “minimally invasive” surgery Minimally invasive surgery refers to laparoscopic surgery, and the advantages of laparoscopic radical surgery for rectal cancer are very obvious compared with traditional open surgery. ① There is no significant difference between the two surgical methods in terms of curative effect and postoperative survival rate; ② Radical laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer is operated under direct vision, which is less bleeding and less traumatic, and is more conducive to low and ultra-low anus preservation, especially for male and obese patients; whereas traditional open surgery is very difficult to expose the operation field; ③ Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer is less traumatic to the patient’s tissues, with light systemic (3) laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery is less traumatic to patients’ tissues, less reactive, less impact on immune system, less pain, quicker recovery, can get out of bed early, resume diet, shorten the time of hospitalization, and can start to implement postoperative radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other comprehensive treatments earlier, which creates more favorable conditions for improving the treatment effect of malignant tumors. Laparoscopic radical surgery for rectal cancer has become another standard procedure after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and should be chosen as a priority. (2) Whether the anus can be preserved and whether to bring “fecal bag” or not Rectal cancer surgery should adopt different surgical methods according to the location of tumor, local lesion and patient’s systemic condition, and whether the tumor can be cut and the anus preserved cannot be determined according to the will, and it is not a matter of surgical technique, but a matter of treatment principle and thoroughness of tumor removal. For patients whose tumors are very close to the anal opening (<125mm), anal preservation is not recommended. Fistula to "fecal bag" is not as scary as you think. There are now special ostomates to guide you in postoperative fistula care; with the improvement of the fistula bag, it is easier for patients to take care of their daily life after fistula and there will be no odor on their body; we all perform extraperitoneal sigmoid fistula, and the feeling of defecation appears recently after surgery, which is conducive to the formation of regular defecation after surgery and will not affect your exercise such as climbing and swimming. (With the development of medical science and technology and equipment, the rate of anal preservation for patients with low rectal cancer has improved, mainly in the following aspects: ① the clinical application of double anastomosis has improved the rate of anal preservation; ② the application of laparoscopic technology in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer has improved the rate of anal preservation; ③ the application of preoperative neoadjuvant radiotherapy has improved the rate of anal preservation to a certain extent. (2) Chemotherapy 2.Chemotherapy is mostly used as adjuvant therapy before and after rectal cancer surgery. Pre-operative neoadjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer can reduce the size of the tumor to a certain extent, which is conducive to complete resection and preservation of sphincter function and can reduce the chance of tumor spread during and after surgery; for progressive rectal cancer, the use of sufficient amount of combined chemotherapy after surgery can effectively improve the prognosis of patients. 3.Radiotherapy For progressive rectal cancer, neoadjuvant radiotherapy is used before surgery and radiotherapy is used in the tumor area after surgery, which can improve the survival rate of patients. 4.Bio-immunotherapy The use of auto-immune cells for anti-cancer treatment.